Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea)

Nadia I Richman¹, Monika Böhm², Susan B Adams³, Fernando Alvarez⁴, Elizabeth A Bergey⁵, John J S Bunn⁶, Quinton Burnham⁶, Jay Cordeiro⁷, Jason Coughran⁸, Keith A Crandall⁹, Kathryn L Dawkins¹⁰, Robert J DiStefano¹¹, Niall E Doran¹², Lennart Edsman¹³, Arnold G Eversole¹⁴, Leopold Füreder¹⁵, James M Furse¹⁶, Francesca Gherardi¹⁷, Premek Hamr¹⁸, David M Holdich¹⁹, Pierre Horwitz⁶, Kerrylyn Johnston²⁰, Clive M Jones²¹, Julia P G Jones²², Robert L Jones²³, Thomas G Jones²⁴, Tadashi Kawai²⁵, Susan Lawler²⁶, Marilu López-Mejía²⁷, Rebecca M Miller²⁸, Carlos Pedraza-Lara²⁹, Julian D Reynolds³⁰, Alastair M M Richardson³¹, Mark B Schultz³², Guenter A Schuster³³, Peter J Sibley³⁴, Catherine Souty-Grosset³⁵, Christopher A Taylor³⁶, Roger F Thoma³⁷, Jerry Walls³⁸, Todd S Walsh³⁹, Ben Collen⁴⁰

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK nadia.richman@ioz.ac.uk.
² Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
³ USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front St., Oxford, MS 38655-4915, USA.
⁴ Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, México 04510 DF, México.
⁵ Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
⁶ School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
⁷ Northeast Natural History and Supply, 24 North Grove St., Middleboro, MA 02346, USA.
⁸ School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia Jagabar Environmental, PO Box 634, Duncraig, Western Australia 6023, Australia.
⁹ Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
¹⁰ Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia.
¹¹ Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 East Gans Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
¹² Bookend Trust and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, PO Box 310, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7006, Australia.
¹³ Institute of Freshwater Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.
¹⁴ School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
¹⁵ River Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
¹⁶ Griffith School of Environment and the Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia.
¹⁷ Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
¹⁸ Upper Canada College, 200 Lonsdale Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1W6.
¹⁹ Crayfish Survey and Research, Peak Ecology Limited, Arden House, Deepdale Business Park, Bakewell, Derbyshire DE45 1GT, UK.
²⁰ Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia Marine and Freshwater Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
²¹ James Cook University, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
²² School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
²³ Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Museum of Natural Science, 2148 Riverside Drive, Jackson, MS 39202-1353, USA.
²⁴ Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
²⁵ Wakkanai Fisheries Institute, 4-5-15 Suehiro, Wakkanai, 097-0001 Hokkaido, Japan.
²⁶ Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3690, Australia.
²⁷ Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics Laboratory, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Unidad Académica Cozumel, Av. Andrés Quintana Roo con Calle 110s/n, Frente a Col. San Gervasio, Cozumel 77600, Q. Roo, México.
²⁸ International Union for Conservation of Nature, Global Ecosystem Management Programme, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
²⁹ Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México DF CP 04510, México.
³⁰ Trinity College Dublin, 115 Weirview Drive, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
³¹ School of Biology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
³² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia.
³³ 305 Boone Way, Richmond, KY 40475, USA.
³⁴ Environment Agency, Wessex Area, Rivers House, East Quay, Bridgwater TA6 4YS, UK.
³⁵ Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers Cedex, France.
³⁶ Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
³⁷ Midwest Biodiversity Institute, 4673 Northwest Parkway, Hilliard, OH 43026, USA.
³⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Alexandria, 8100 Highway 71 S, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA.
³⁹ 34 McKenzie St, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia.
⁴⁰ Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK.

PMID: 25561679
PMCID: PMC4290432
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0060

Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea)

Nadia I Richman et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015.

. 2015 Feb 19;370(1662):20140060.

doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0060.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK nadia.richman@ioz.ac.uk.
² Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
³ USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front St., Oxford, MS 38655-4915, USA.
⁴ Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, México 04510 DF, México.
⁵ Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
⁶ School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
⁷ Northeast Natural History and Supply, 24 North Grove St., Middleboro, MA 02346, USA.
⁸ School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia Jagabar Environmental, PO Box 634, Duncraig, Western Australia 6023, Australia.
⁹ Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
¹⁰ Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia.
¹¹ Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 East Gans Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
¹² Bookend Trust and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, PO Box 310, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7006, Australia.
¹³ Institute of Freshwater Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden.
¹⁴ School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
¹⁵ River Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
¹⁶ Griffith School of Environment and the Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia.
¹⁷ Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
¹⁸ Upper Canada College, 200 Lonsdale Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1W6.
¹⁹ Crayfish Survey and Research, Peak Ecology Limited, Arden House, Deepdale Business Park, Bakewell, Derbyshire DE45 1GT, UK.
²⁰ Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia Marine and Freshwater Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
²¹ James Cook University, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
²² School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
²³ Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Museum of Natural Science, 2148 Riverside Drive, Jackson, MS 39202-1353, USA.
²⁴ Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
²⁵ Wakkanai Fisheries Institute, 4-5-15 Suehiro, Wakkanai, 097-0001 Hokkaido, Japan.
²⁶ Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3690, Australia.
²⁷ Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics Laboratory, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Unidad Académica Cozumel, Av. Andrés Quintana Roo con Calle 110s/n, Frente a Col. San Gervasio, Cozumel 77600, Q. Roo, México.
²⁸ International Union for Conservation of Nature, Global Ecosystem Management Programme, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
²⁹ Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México DF CP 04510, México.
³⁰ Trinity College Dublin, 115 Weirview Drive, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
³¹ School of Biology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
³² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia.
³³ 305 Boone Way, Richmond, KY 40475, USA.
³⁴ Environment Agency, Wessex Area, Rivers House, East Quay, Bridgwater TA6 4YS, UK.
³⁵ Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers Cedex, France.
³⁶ Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
³⁷ Midwest Biodiversity Institute, 4673 Northwest Parkway, Hilliard, OH 43026, USA.
³⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Alexandria, 8100 Highway 71 S, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA.
³⁹ 34 McKenzie St, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia.
⁴⁰ Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK.

PMID: 25561679
PMCID: PMC4290432
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0060

Abstract

Rates of biodiversity loss are higher in freshwater ecosystems than in most terrestrial or marine ecosystems, making freshwater conservation a priority. However, prioritization methods are impeded by insufficient knowledge on the distribution and conservation status of freshwater taxa, particularly invertebrates. We evaluated the extinction risk of the world's 590 freshwater crayfish species using the IUCN Categories and Criteria and found 32% of all species are threatened with extinction. The level of extinction risk differed between families, with proportionally more threatened species in the Parastacidae and Astacidae than in the Cambaridae. Four described species were Extinct and 21% were assessed as Data Deficient. There was geographical variation in the dominant threats affecting the main centres of crayfish diversity. The majority of threatened US and Mexican species face threats associated with urban development, pollution, damming and water management. Conversely, the majority of Australian threatened species are affected by climate change, harvesting, agriculture and invasive species. Only a small proportion of crayfish are found within the boundaries of protected areas, suggesting that alternative means of long-term protection will be required. Our study highlights many of the significant challenges yet to come for freshwater biodiversity unless conservation planning shifts from a reactive to proactive approach.

Keywords: IUCN Red List; crayfish; extinction risk; freshwater biodiversity; threatened.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
Global threats affecting threatened species within the species-rich (>10 species) geographical regions.

**Figure 2.**
Distribution of: (a) all species; (b) North American threatened species; (c) Australian threatened species; (d) North American data-deficient species; and (e) Australian data-deficient species. (Online version in colour.)

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea)

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Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea)

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