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. 2015 Jan;22(1):90-101.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.08.002. Epub 2014 Aug 17.

Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment

Sibhghatulla Shaikh  1 , Jamale Fatima  2 , Shazi Shakil  2 , Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi  1 , Mohammad Amjad Kamal  3
Affiliations

Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment

Sibhghatulla Shaikh et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015 Jan.

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a problem of deep scientific concern both in hospital and community settings. Rapid detection in clinical laboratories is essential for the judicious recognition of antimicrobial resistant organisms. Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a significant resistance-mechanism that impedes the antimicrobial treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and is a serious threat to the currently available antibiotic armory. ESBLs are classified into several groups according to their amino acid sequence homology. Proper infection control practices and barriers are essential to prevent spread and outbreaks of ESBL producing bacteria. As bacteria have developed different strategies to counter the effects of antibiotics, the identification of the resistance mechanism may help in the discovery and design of new antimicrobial agents. The carbapenems are widely regarded as the drugs of choice for the treatment of severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, although comparative clinical trials are scarce. Hence, more expeditious diagnostic testing of ESBL-producing bacteria and the feasible modification of guidelines for community-onset bacteremia associated with different infections are prescribed.

Keywords: Amino acid; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Carbapenems; Enterobacteriaceae; Extended-spectrum β-lactamase.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antibiotic resistance vs. antimicrobial activity mechanism.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biochemical and genetic aspects of antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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