Terahertz spectroscopic imaging and properties of gastrointestinal tract in a rat model

Young Bin Ji¹, Sang-Hoon Kim², Kiyoung Jeong³, Yuna Choi², Joo-Hiuk Son⁴, Dong Woo Park⁵, Sam Kyu Noh⁶, Tae-In Jeon⁷, Yong-Min Huh⁸, Seungjoo Haam⁹, Sang Kil Lee¹⁰, Seung Jae Oh¹¹, Jin-Suck Suh⁸

Affiliations

¹ Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
² YUMS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
³ Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 South Korea.
⁴ Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea.
⁵ Divsion of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea ; Nano Materials Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea.
⁶ Nano Materials Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea.
⁷ Division of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, South Korea.
⁸ YUMS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; Department of Radiology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
⁹ Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; sklee@yuhs.ac.
¹¹ YUMS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; issac@yuhs.ac.

PMID: 25574429
PMCID: PMC4285596
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.5.004162

Terahertz spectroscopic imaging and properties of gastrointestinal tract in a rat model

Young Bin Ji et al. Biomed Opt Express. 2014.

. 2014 Nov 5;5(12):4162-70.

doi: 10.1364/BOE.5.004162. eCollection 2014 Dec 1.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
² YUMS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
³ Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 South Korea.
⁴ Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea.
⁵ Divsion of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea ; Nano Materials Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea.
⁶ Nano Materials Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea.
⁷ Division of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, South Korea.
⁸ YUMS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; Department of Radiology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
⁹ Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; sklee@yuhs.ac.
¹¹ YUMS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea ; issac@yuhs.ac.

PMID: 25574429
PMCID: PMC4285596
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.5.004162

Abstract

We have investigated basic properties of normal gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues, including glandular stomach (GS), fore stomach (FS), large intestine (LI), small intestine (SI), and esophagus (ESO), from a rat model using terahertz (THz) reflection imaging and spectroscopy. The THz images collected from stratified squamous epithelia (SSE) of FS and ESO show a lower peak-to-peak value compared to those from columnar epithelia (CE) of GS, LI, or SI because the SSE contains less water than CE. The refractive index and absorption coefficient of FS were less than those of GS or LI, both having values similar to those of water. Additionally, we report internal reflection THz signals from ESO, although we were unable to determine the exact interface for this internal reflection.

Keywords: (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics; (170.6795) Terahertz imaging; (300.6495) Spectroscopy, terahertz.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. Five GI tract samples were placed on a quartz window and covered with polyethylene wrap to prevent dehydration.

**Fig. 2**
(a) Optical photograph of five GI tract samples from a rat model. (b) Reflected 2D THz image with peak-to-peak values. (c) Normalized and averaged reflection peak-to-peak values for five GI tract tissues (from three different rats) analyzed at points marked in (a).

**Fig. 3**
(a) Measured time-domain THz signals reflected from points marked on LI, GS, FS (Fig. 2(a)), and water. Analysis of water was used to verify the presence of secondary THz signals reflected from internal interfaces within samples. The inset shows an expanded time window (23 to 28 ps). (b) Measured THz spectra of (a). (c)-(e) H & E stained photographs of LI, GS, and FS, respectively.

**Fig. 4**
(a) Measured refractive indices of water and three GI tract samples. (b) Measured absorption coefficients of water and three GI tract samples. The refractive indices and absorption coefficients of LI and GS are greater than those of FS due to a difference in water content.

**Fig. 5**
(a), (b) Measured time-domain THz signals reflected from points marked on ESO and SI in Fig. 2. (c), (d) Reflection signals from ESO and SI subtracted from those of water. Black arrows indicate secondary reflection signals from internal structures within the ESO. The four secondary signals indicated with a green circle were reflected from the interface between serosa of the ESO and the air. (e), (f) H & E stained photographs of ESO and SI.

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Terahertz spectroscopic imaging and properties of gastrointestinal tract in a rat model

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Terahertz spectroscopic imaging and properties of gastrointestinal tract in a rat model

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