Differential prognostic impact of resting heart rate in older compared with younger patients with chronic heart failure--insights from TIME-CHF

Abstract

Background: There is little information regarding the prognostic role of resting heart rate (HR) in older compared with younger patients with chronic heart failure (HF).

Methods and results: In patients enrolled in the Trial of Intensified Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (TIME-CHF) with sinus rhythm, effects of baseline HR (≥70 vs <70 beats/min [bpm]) on 18-month outcomes were compared between older (≥75 years; n = 186) and younger (<75 years; n = 141) patients. Older patients with lower (61 ± 6 bpm) and higher (83 ± 9 bpm) HR had similar left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and survival and HF hospitalization-free survival. In contrast, younger patients with higher HR (81 ± 7 bpm) had higher NT-proBNP and NYHA functional class, lower LVEF, and a higher risk of death (hazard ratio 4.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 -13.69]; P = .02) and death or HF hospitalization (hazard ratio 2.35 [95% CI 1.01-5.50]; P = .04) than those with lower HR (62 ± 5 bpm), with the association between higher HR and survival remaining significant after adjustment for NYHA functional class, LVEF, and NT-proBNP.

Conclusions: In contrast to HF patients aged <75 years, we found no association between HR and worse outcomes in HF patients aged ≥75 years.

Keywords: Heart rate; TIME-CHF; age; chronic heart failure; prognosis.