Mycobacterium haemophilum bone and joint infection in HIV/AIDS: case report and literature review

Abstract

We report a case of disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum osteomyelitis in a patient with advanced HIV infection, who later developed recurrent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after commencement of antiretroviral therapy. We review previous reports of M. haemophilum bone and joint infection associated with HIV infection and describe the management of M. haemophilum-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, including the role of surgery as an adjunctive treatment modality and the potential drug interactions between antiretroviral and antimycobacterial agents.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Mycobacterium haemophilum; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; non-tuberculous mycobacteria; osteomyelitis.