Hair dyes resorcinol and lawsone reduce production of melanin in melanoma cells by tyrosinase activity inhibition and decreasing tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression

Abstract

Hair coloring products are one of the most important cosmetics for modern people; there are three major types of hair dyes, including the temporary, semi-permanent and permanent hair dyes. The selected hair dyes (such as ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, resorcinol and lawsone) are the important components for hair coloring products. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of these compounds on melanogenesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. The results proved that hair dyes resorcinol and lawsone can reduce the production of melanin. The results also confirmed that resorcinol and lawsone inhibit mushroom and cellular tyrosinase activities in vitro. Resorcinol and lawsone can also downregulate the protein levels of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in B16-F10 cells. Thus, we suggest that frequent use of hair dyes may have the risk of reducing natural melanin production in hair follicles. Moreover, resorcinol and lawsone may also be used as hypopigmenting agents to food, agricultural and cosmetic industry in the future.

Figure 1

Chemical structures of (A) ammonium persulfate; (B) sodium persulfate; (C) resorcinol and (D) lawsone.

Figure 2

Effects of hair dyes on the cell viability of B16-F10 cells. (A) Ammonium persulfate; (B) Sodium persulfate; (C) Resorcinol and (D) Lawsone. Each value is expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 6), * p < 0.05 compared with the control.

Figure 3

Effects of hair dyes on the melanin content of B16-F10 cells. (A) ammonium persulfate; (B) sodium persulfate; (C) resorcinol and (D) lawsone. Each value is expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 6). * p < 0.05 compared with the control.

Figure 4

In vitro effects of hair dyes on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. (A) ammonium persulfate; (B) sodium persulfate; (C) resorcinol and (D) lawsone. Each value is expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 6). * p < 0.05 compared with the control.

Figure 5

In vitro effects of hair dyes on the activity of B16-F10 cellular tyrosinase. (A) ammonium persulfate; (B) sodium persulfate; (C) resorcinol and (D) lawsone. Each value is expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 6). * p < 0.05 compared with the control.

Figure 6

Effects of hair dyes on the cellular tyrosinase activity in B16-F10 cells. (A) ammonium persulfate; (B) sodium persulfate; (C) resorcinol and (D) lawsone. Each value is expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 3). * p < 0.05 compared with the control.

Figure 7

Effects of hair dyes (A) resorcinol and (B) lawsone on the protein levels of MITF and tyrosinase in B16-F10 cells. The protein level of GAPDH is used as an internal control. Each value is expressed as the mean ± S.E. (n = 3). * p < 0.05 compared with the control.