Can brief alcohol interventions for youth also address concurrent illicit drug use? results from a meta-analysis

Abstract

Brief interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use among youth may interrupt a possible developmental progression to more serious substance use if they can also affect the use of other illicit drugs. This meta-analysis examined the findings of recent research on the effects of brief alcohol interventions for adolescents and young adults on both alcohol and illicit drug use. Eligible studies were those using randomized or controlled quasi-experimental designs to examine the effects of brief alcohol interventions on illicit drug use outcomes among youth. A comprehensive literature search identified 30 eligible study samples that, on average, included participants age 17, with 57 % male participants and 56 % White youth. Three-level random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate mean effect sizes and explore variability in effects. Overall, brief interventions targeting both alcohol and other drugs were effective in reducing both of these substances. However, the brief interventions that targeted only alcohol had no significant secondary effects on untargeted illicit drug use. The evidence from current research, therefore, shows modest beneficial effects on outcomes that are targeted by brief interventions for youth, but does not show that those effects generalize to untargeted illicit drug use outcomes.

FIG. 1

STUDY IDENTIFICATION FLOW DIAGRAM

Fig. 2

Scatterplot of Method-Adjusted Effect Sizes, Intervention Follow-up Timing, Intervention Duration, and Participant Age Notes The figures depict the average effect size for each unique study sample at each (a) follow-up wave (b) intervention duration and (c) average participant age. Effects are shown proportionate to each study’s average weight in the meta-analysis.