Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the cytoprotective role of minocycline: scope and limitations

Abstract

Deep insight into the complex mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury has been attained in the past years. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline with US FDA approval for clinical use in various infections. Lately, several noninfectious cytoprotective activities of minocycline have been discovered as well. There now exists encouraging evidence of its protective role in cardiovascular pathology and its activity against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this article, an overview of the major mechanisms involved in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is presented. This is followed by an analysis of the mechanisms by which minocycline exerts its cytoprotective role and of studies that have been conducted in order to analyze minocycline, along with a review of the scope and limitations of its role as a cytoprotective agent.

Keywords: apoptosis; cell death; cytoprotection; ischemia–reperfusion injury; minocycline; reactive oxygen species.