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. 2015 Jan 14:9:509-17.
doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S75056. eCollection 2015.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and phytocomponent investigation of Basella alba leaf extract as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia

Gunasekaran Baskaran  1 , Shamala Salvamani  1 , Siti Aqlima Ahmad  1 , Noor Azmi Shaharuddin  1 , Parveen Devi Pattiram  2 , Mohd Yunus Shukor  1
Affiliations

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and phytocomponent investigation of Basella alba leaf extract as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia

Gunasekaran Baskaran et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. .

Abstract

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is the key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway that produces cholesterol. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase reduces cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. Synthetic drugs, statins, are commonly used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Due to the side effects of statins, natural HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed. In this study, 25 medicinal plant methanol extracts were screened for anti-HMG-CoA reductase activity. Basella alba leaf extract showed the highest inhibitory effect at about 74%. Thus, B. alba was examined in order to investigate its phytochemical components. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of phenol 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1-heptatriacotanol, oleic acid, eicosyl ester, naringin, apigenin, luteolin, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol, which have been reported to possess antihypercholesterolemic effects. Further investigation of in vivo models should be performed in order to confirm its potential as an alternative treatment for hypercholesterolemia and related cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Basella alba; GC-MS/MS; HMG-CoA reductase; RP-HPLC; hypercholesterolemia; phytochemical.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HPLC chromatogram for flavonoids and ascorbic acid standards at 280 nm. Notes: 1) Ascorbic acid; 2) rutin; 3) luteolin; 4) catechin; 5) quercetin; 6) apigenin; 7) naringin; 8) myricetin; and 9) hesperidin. Abbreviation: HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.
Figure 2
Figure 2
HPLC chromatogram of Basella alba leaves at 280 nm. Notes: 1) Ascorbic acid; 2) luteolin; 3) apigenin; and 4) naringin. Abbreviation: HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.
Figure 3
Figure 3
HPLC chromatogram for α-ocopherol at 292 nm. Notes: (A) α-tocopherol standard; (B) α-tocopherol compound detected in Basella alba. Abbreviation: HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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