Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2016 Feb;55(1):93-106.

doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0828-3. Epub 2015 Jan 24.

Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality

Ana Sánchez-Tainta¹, Itziar Zazpe^{2

3

4}, Maira Bes-Rastrollo^{5

6}, Jordi Salas-Salvadó^{7

8}, Mónica Bullo^{9

10}, José Vicente Sorlí^{11

12}, Dolores Corella^{13

14}, M Isabel Covas^{15

16}, Fernando Arós^{17

18}, Mario Gutierrez-Bedmar^{19

20}, Miquel Fiol^{21

22}, F García de la Corte^{23

24}, Lluis Serra-Majem^{25

26}, Xavier Pinto^{27

28}, Helmut Schröeder^{29

30}, Emilio Ros^{31

32}, M Carmen López-Sabater³³, Ramón Estruch^{34

35}, Miguel Angel Martínez-González^{36

37}; PREDIMED study investigators

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

PREDIMED study investigators:
E Toledo, B Sanjulian, A Marti, J A Martínez, P Buil-Cosiales, M Serrano-Martinez, J Diez-Espino, A Garcia-Arellano, J Basterra-Gortari, V Extremera-Urabayen, L Garcia-Perez, C Arroyo-Azpa, A Sola Larraza, F Barcena, C Oreja Arrayago, M J Lasante Saez, L Quintana Pedraza, C Amezqueta Goñi, P Cia Lecumberri, T Elcarte Lopez, F Artal Moneva, J M Esparza Lopez, E Figuerido Garmendia, H Ruiz Millan, R Oses Primo, J A Tabar Sarrias, L Fernandez Urzainqui, M J Ariz Arnedo, M Serra, A Perez-Heras, C Vinas, R Casas, L de Santamaria, S Romero, J M Baena, M Garcia, M Oller, J Amat, I Duaso, Y Garcia, C Iglesias, C Simon, Ll Quinzavos, Ll Parra, M Liroz, J Benavent, J Clos, I Pla, M Amoros, M T Bonet, M T Martin, M S Sanchez, J Altirruba, E Manzano, A Altes, M Cofan, C Valls-Pedret, A Sala-Vila, M Domenech, J Basora, R Gonzalez, C Molina, F Marquez, N Babio, P Martinez, N Ibarrola, R Balanza, M Sorli, J Garcia Roselló, F Martin, R Tort, A Isach, B Costa, J J Cabre, J Fernandez-Ballart, M Fito, S Tello, J Vila, R de la Torre, D Munoz-Aguayo, R Elosua, J Marrugat, M Ferrer, P Carrasco, C Ortega-Azorín, E M Asensio, R Osma, R Barragán, F Francés, M Guillén, J I González, C Saiz, O Portolés, F J Giménez, O Coltell, P Guillem-Saiz, L Quiles, V Pascual, C Riera, M A Pages, D Godoy, A Carratalá-Calvo, M J Martín-Rillo, E Llopis-Osorio, J Ruiz-Baixauli, A Bertolín-Muñoz, I Salaverria, T del Hierro, J Algorta, S Francisco, A Alonso, J San Vicente, A Casi, E Sanz, I Felipe, J Rekondo, A Loma-Osorio, R Benitez Pont, M Bianchi Alba, Navajas, J Warnberg, R Gomez-Huelgas, J Martinez-Gonzalez, V Velasco Garcia, J de Diego, Salas, A Baca Osorio, J Gil Zarzosa, J J Sanchez Luque, E Vargas Lopez, V Ruiz-Gutierrez, J Sanchez Perona, E Montero Romero, M Garcia-Garcia, E Jurado-Ruiz, M Garcia-Valdueza, M Monino, A Proenza, R Prieto, G Frontera, M Ginard, A Jover, D Romaguera, J Garcia, M Leal, E Martinez, J M Santos, M Ortega-Calvo, P Roman, F Jose Garcia, P Iglesias, Y Corchado, E Mayoral, L Mellado, L Miró, J M Lozano, C Lama, R M Lamuela-Raventos, A I Castellote-Bargallo, A Medina-Remon, A Tresserra-Rimbau, J Alvarez-Perez, E Diez Benitez, I Bautista Castaño, I Maldonado Diaz, A Sanchez-Villegas, M J Férnandez-Rodríguez, F Sarmiendo de la Fe, C Simon Garcia, I Falcon, Sanabria, B Macias Gutierrez, A J Santana Santana, E de la Cruz, A Galera, Y Soler, F Trias, I Sarasa, E Padres, E Corbella, M A Muñoz, C Cabezas, E Vinyoles, M A Rovira, L Garcia, G Flores, J M Verdu, P Baby, A Ramos, L Mengual, P Roura, M C Yuste, A Guarner, A Rovira, M I Santamaria, M Mata, C de Juan, A Brau, J A Tur, M P Portillo, G Saez

Affiliations

¹ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. asanchez4@unav.es.
² Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. izazpe@unav.es.
³ Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. izazpe@unav.es.
⁴ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. izazpe@unav.es.
⁵ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. mbes@unav.es.
⁶ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. mbes@unav.es.
⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.
⁸ Human Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan Hospital, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.
⁹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. monica.bullo@urv.cat.
¹⁰ Human Nutrition Department, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. monica.bullo@urv.cat.
¹¹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
¹² Primary Care Division, Valencia Institute of Health and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
¹³ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. dolores.corella@uv.es.
¹⁴ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. dolores.corella@uv.es.
¹⁵ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. MCovas@IMIM.ES.
¹⁶ Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. MCovas@IMIM.ES.
¹⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. aborau@secardiologia.es.
¹⁸ Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Txagorritxu-University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain. aborau@secardiologia.es.
¹⁹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. bedmar@uma.es.
²⁰ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. bedmar@uma.es.
²¹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. miquelfiol@yahoo.es.
²² Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. miquelfiol@yahoo.es.
²³ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. pdelacorte@hotmail.com.
²⁴ Primary Care Division of Sevilla, Department of Family Medicine, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain. pdelacorte@hotmail.com.
²⁵ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. lserra@dcc.ulpgc.es.
²⁶ Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. lserra@dcc.ulpgc.es.
²⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. xpinto@csub.scs.es.
²⁸ Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. xpinto@csub.scs.es.
²⁹ IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. hschroeder@imim.es.
³⁰ Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. hschroeder@imim.es.
³¹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. EROS@clinic.ub.es.
³² Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. EROS@clinic.ub.es.
³³ Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mclopez@ub.edu.
³⁴ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. restruch@clinic.ub.es.
³⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. restruch@clinic.ub.es.
³⁶ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. mamartinez@unav.es.
³⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. mamartinez@unav.es.

PMID: 25616935
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0828-3

Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality

Ana Sánchez-Tainta et al. Eur J Nutr. 2016 Feb.

. 2016 Feb;55(1):93-106.

doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0828-3. Epub 2015 Jan 24.

Authors

Collaborators

PREDIMED study investigators:
E Toledo, B Sanjulian, A Marti, J A Martínez, P Buil-Cosiales, M Serrano-Martinez, J Diez-Espino, A Garcia-Arellano, J Basterra-Gortari, V Extremera-Urabayen, L Garcia-Perez, C Arroyo-Azpa, A Sola Larraza, F Barcena, C Oreja Arrayago, M J Lasante Saez, L Quintana Pedraza, C Amezqueta Goñi, P Cia Lecumberri, T Elcarte Lopez, F Artal Moneva, J M Esparza Lopez, E Figuerido Garmendia, H Ruiz Millan, R Oses Primo, J A Tabar Sarrias, L Fernandez Urzainqui, M J Ariz Arnedo, M Serra, A Perez-Heras, C Vinas, R Casas, L de Santamaria, S Romero, J M Baena, M Garcia, M Oller, J Amat, I Duaso, Y Garcia, C Iglesias, C Simon, Ll Quinzavos, Ll Parra, M Liroz, J Benavent, J Clos, I Pla, M Amoros, M T Bonet, M T Martin, M S Sanchez, J Altirruba, E Manzano, A Altes, M Cofan, C Valls-Pedret, A Sala-Vila, M Domenech, J Basora, R Gonzalez, C Molina, F Marquez, N Babio, P Martinez, N Ibarrola, R Balanza, M Sorli, J Garcia Roselló, F Martin, R Tort, A Isach, B Costa, J J Cabre, J Fernandez-Ballart, M Fito, S Tello, J Vila, R de la Torre, D Munoz-Aguayo, R Elosua, J Marrugat, M Ferrer, P Carrasco, C Ortega-Azorín, E M Asensio, R Osma, R Barragán, F Francés, M Guillén, J I González, C Saiz, O Portolés, F J Giménez, O Coltell, P Guillem-Saiz, L Quiles, V Pascual, C Riera, M A Pages, D Godoy, A Carratalá-Calvo, M J Martín-Rillo, E Llopis-Osorio, J Ruiz-Baixauli, A Bertolín-Muñoz, I Salaverria, T del Hierro, J Algorta, S Francisco, A Alonso, J San Vicente, A Casi, E Sanz, I Felipe, J Rekondo, A Loma-Osorio, R Benitez Pont, M Bianchi Alba, Navajas, J Warnberg, R Gomez-Huelgas, J Martinez-Gonzalez, V Velasco Garcia, J de Diego, Salas, A Baca Osorio, J Gil Zarzosa, J J Sanchez Luque, E Vargas Lopez, V Ruiz-Gutierrez, J Sanchez Perona, E Montero Romero, M Garcia-Garcia, E Jurado-Ruiz, M Garcia-Valdueza, M Monino, A Proenza, R Prieto, G Frontera, M Ginard, A Jover, D Romaguera, J Garcia, M Leal, E Martinez, J M Santos, M Ortega-Calvo, P Roman, F Jose Garcia, P Iglesias, Y Corchado, E Mayoral, L Mellado, L Miró, J M Lozano, C Lama, R M Lamuela-Raventos, A I Castellote-Bargallo, A Medina-Remon, A Tresserra-Rimbau, J Alvarez-Perez, E Diez Benitez, I Bautista Castaño, I Maldonado Diaz, A Sanchez-Villegas, M J Férnandez-Rodríguez, F Sarmiendo de la Fe, C Simon Garcia, I Falcon, Sanabria, B Macias Gutierrez, A J Santana Santana, E de la Cruz, A Galera, Y Soler, F Trias, I Sarasa, E Padres, E Corbella, M A Muñoz, C Cabezas, E Vinyoles, M A Rovira, L Garcia, G Flores, J M Verdu, P Baby, A Ramos, L Mengual, P Roura, M C Yuste, A Guarner, A Rovira, M I Santamaria, M Mata, C de Juan, A Brau, J A Tur, M P Portillo, G Saez

Affiliations

¹ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. asanchez4@unav.es.
² Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. izazpe@unav.es.
³ Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. izazpe@unav.es.
⁴ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. izazpe@unav.es.
⁵ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. mbes@unav.es.
⁶ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. mbes@unav.es.
⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.
⁸ Human Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan Hospital, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.
⁹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. monica.bullo@urv.cat.
¹⁰ Human Nutrition Department, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. monica.bullo@urv.cat.
¹¹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
¹² Primary Care Division, Valencia Institute of Health and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
¹³ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. dolores.corella@uv.es.
¹⁴ Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. dolores.corella@uv.es.
¹⁵ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. MCovas@IMIM.ES.
¹⁶ Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. MCovas@IMIM.ES.
¹⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. aborau@secardiologia.es.
¹⁸ Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Txagorritxu-University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain. aborau@secardiologia.es.
¹⁹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. bedmar@uma.es.
²⁰ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. bedmar@uma.es.
²¹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. miquelfiol@yahoo.es.
²² Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. miquelfiol@yahoo.es.
²³ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. pdelacorte@hotmail.com.
²⁴ Primary Care Division of Sevilla, Department of Family Medicine, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain. pdelacorte@hotmail.com.
²⁵ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. lserra@dcc.ulpgc.es.
²⁶ Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. lserra@dcc.ulpgc.es.
²⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. xpinto@csub.scs.es.
²⁸ Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. xpinto@csub.scs.es.
²⁹ IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. hschroeder@imim.es.
³⁰ Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. hschroeder@imim.es.
³¹ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. EROS@clinic.ub.es.
³² Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. EROS@clinic.ub.es.
³³ Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mclopez@ub.edu.
³⁴ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. restruch@clinic.ub.es.
³⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. restruch@clinic.ub.es.
³⁶ Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. mamartinez@unav.es.
³⁷ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. mamartinez@unav.es.

PMID: 25616935
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0828-3

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the association between carbohydrate quality, fat quality or adherence to the Mediterranean diet and intake adequacy of 19 micronutrients in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial, a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel group and primary prevention trial conducted in Spain.

Methods: We assessed baseline dietary intake of 6,542 elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a validated 14-item Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) score. We used a multidimensional carbohydrate quality index (CQI) using four criteria and a fat quality index (FQI) according to the ratio (MUFA + PUFA)/(SFA + TFA). The probability of intake adequacy was calculated comparing the intakes to DRI, and also using the probabilistic approach. Absolute and adjusted probability of having inadequate intake for either ≥6 DRI or ≥8 DRI were estimated to assess nutritional adequacy according to quintiles of each index.

Results: The lowest prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake (≥8 DRI) was found in the highest quintile of CQI or Med-diet score, and in the lowest quintile of FQI (adjusted fold risk: 1.4, 3.4 and 10.2 respectively in comparison with the lowest quintile). P for trend <0.001 in three multivariable models. A higher CQI or Med-Diet score and a lower FQI were significantly associated with a lower fold risk of unmet EAR values.

Conclusions: A multidimensional assessment of CQI can be a useful tool to evaluate the quality of carbohydrates. This score and a 14-item Med-diet score were positively related to overall micronutrient adequacy in elderly participants.

Keywords: Carbohydrate quality; Fat quality; Mediterranean diet; Micronutrient adequacy; PREDIMED trial.

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References

1. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jul 4;145(1):1-11 - PubMed
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Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality

Collaborators

Affiliations

Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

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LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical