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Multicenter Study
. 2015 Apr;10(4):205-11.
doi: 10.1002/jhm.2318. Epub 2015 Jan 28.

Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis

Jonathan M Mansbach  1 , Sunday Clark, Pedro A Piedra, Charles G Macias, Alan R Schroeder, Brian M Pate, Ashley F Sullivan, Janice A Espinola, Carlos A Camargo Jr; MARC-30 Investigators
Collaborators, Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis

Jonathan M Mansbach et al. J Hosp Med. 2015 Apr.

Abstract

Background: For children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, there is uncertainty about the expected inpatient clinical course and when children are safe for discharge.

Objectives: Examine the time to clinical improvement, risk of clinical worsening after improvement, and develop discharge criteria.

Design: Prospective multiyear cohort study.

Setting: Sixteen US hospitals.

Participants: Consecutive hospitalized children age <2 years with bronchiolitis.

Measurement: We defined clinical improvement using: (1) retraction severity, (2) respiratory rate, (3) room air oxygen saturation, and (4) hydration status. After meeting improvement criteria, children were considered clinically worse based on the inverse of ≥1 of these criteria or need for intensive care.

Results: Among 1916 children, the median number of days from onset of difficulty breathing until clinical improvement was 4 (interquartile range, 3-7.5 days). Of the total, 1702 (88%) met clinical improvement criteria, with 4% worsening (3% required intensive care). Children who worsened were age <2 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07-5.94), gestational age <37 weeks (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.13-3.32), and presented with severe retractions (AOR: 5.55; 95% CI: 2.12-14.50), inadequate oral intake (AOR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.39-4.62), or apnea (AOR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.45-5.68). Readmissions were similar for children who did and did not worsen.

Conclusions: Although children hospitalized with bronchiolitis had wide-ranging recovery times, only 4% worsened after initial improvement. Children who worsened were more likely to be younger, premature infants presenting in more severe distress. For children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, these data may help establish more evidence-based discharge criteria, reduce practice variability, and safely shorten hospital length-of-stay.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Time course of illness for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow diagram of the study population. *Eight children were worsened on more than 1 criterion. Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous; LOS, length of stay; RR, respiratory rate.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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