Long-term outcome and quality of life after transoral stapling for Zenker diverticulum

Abstract

Aim: To investigate long-term results and quality of life after transoral stapling of Zenker diverticulum.

Methods: The data of all patients admitted to our institution for the surgical treatment of Zenker diverticulum were entered into a prospective database. Demographics, symptoms, intraoperative and postoperative data, morbidity, time to oral feeding, and length of hospital stay were recorded. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and a barium swallow study to measure the length of the diverticulum from the apex of the septum to the bottom of the pouch. Transoral stapling was performed using a Weerda diverticuloscope under general anesthesia. Over time, the technique was modified by applying traction sutures to ease engagement of the common septum inside the stapler jaws. Perioperative variables, symptoms, long-term outcome, and quality of life were analyzed. The operation was considered successful if the patient reported complete remission (grade 1) or marked improvement (grade 2) of dysphagia, regurgitation, and respiratory symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, Version 15, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).

Results: Between 2001 and 2013, the transoral approach was successfully completed in 100 patients with a median age of 75 years. Patients with a larger (≥3 cm) diverticulum were older than those with a smaller pouch (P<0.038). Complications occurred in 4% of the patients but there was no mortality. A statistically significant improvement of dysphagia and regurgitation scores (P<0.001) was recorded over a median follow-up of 63 mo. Similarly, a significant decrease in the median number of pneumonia episodes per year (P<0.001) was recorded after surgery. The overall long-term success rate of the procedure was 76%. The success rate of the operation was greater in patients of 70 years of age or older compared to younger individuals (P=0.038). Use of traction sutures on the septum was associated with an improved success rate compared with the standard procedure (P=0.04). All items of the health related quality of life questionnaire were significantly higher compared to baseline (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Transoral stapling is safe and effective. The operation significantly improves patients' quality of life. It appears that elderly patients with large diverticula significantly benefit from the procedure and that the modified surgical technique including traction sutures can further improve the success rate.

Keywords: Aspiration pneumonia; Cricopharyngeal myotomy; Diverticulectomy; Dysphagia; Flexible endoscopy; Short-form health survey questionnaire; Transoral stapling; Zenker diverticulum.

Figure 1

Preoperative and postoperative quality of life according to the 36-item short-form health survey health questionnaire. All items were significantly higher compared to baseline (P < 0.05 vs baseline). FC: Functional capacity; PA: Physical aspect; BP: Bodily pain; GH: General health; VT: Vitality; SF: Social function; RE: Role emotional; MH: Mental health.