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Review
. 2015 Jan 30;16(2):3133-47.
doi: 10.3390/ijms16023133.

Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: from basic science to clinical practice

João Pedro Ferreira  1   2 , Mário Santos  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: from basic science to clinical practice

João Pedro Ferreira et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two growing epidemics associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They often coexist due to common risk factors and shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients presenting with both HF and AF have a worse prognosis and present a particular therapeutic challenge to clinicians. This review aims to appraise the common pathophysiological background, as well as the prognostic and therapeutic implications of coexistent HF and AF.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Common pathophysiological background for heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). LA: left atrial.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23): A key link between chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure. CKD: chronic kidney disease; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; CV: cardiovascular; ↑ up-regulation; ↓ down-regulation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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