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Review
. 2015 Jan 20:10:791-800.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S72904. eCollection 2015.

Clinical and pathological implications of miRNA in bladder cancer

Cornelia Braicu  1 , Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric  2 , Sergiu Chira  1 , Anamaria Truta  3 , Alexandru Floares  4 , Bogdan Petrut  5 , Patriciu Achimas-Cadariu  6 , Ioana Berindan-Neagoe  7
Affiliations
Review

Clinical and pathological implications of miRNA in bladder cancer

Cornelia Braicu et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA species with a length of 20-22 nucleotides that are recognized as essential regulators of relevant molecular mechanisms, including carcinogenesis. Current investigations show that miRNAs are detectable not only in different tissue types but also in a wide range of biological fluids, either free or trapped in circulating microvesicles. miRNAs were proven to be involved in cell communication, both in pathological and physiological processes. Evaluation of the global expression patterns of miRNAs provides key opportunities with important practical applications, taking into account that they modulate essential biological processes such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which is a mechanism relevant in bladder cancer. miRNAs collected from biological specimens can furnish valuable evidence with regard to bladder cancer oncogenesis, as they also have been linked to clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, a single miRNA or a signature of multiple miRNAs may improve risk stratification of patients and may supplement the histological diagnosis of urological tumors, particularly for bladder cancer.

Keywords: bladder cancer; diagnostic; miRNA; prognostic.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Five-year relative survival rates for bladder cancer in relation to the stage at time of diagnosis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Role of micro-RNA signature in bladder cancer diagnostic and prognostic. Abbreviation: qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hallmarks of bladder cancer beyond miRNA perspective. Abbreviations: miRNA, micro-RNA; EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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