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. 2015 Feb 5:15:10.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-15-10.

Impact of variability in adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy on the immunovirological response and mortality

Olayidé Boussari  1   2   3   4   5 , Fabien Subtil  6   7   8   9 , Christophe Genolini  10   11 , Mathieu Bastard  12 , Jean Iwaz  13   14   15   16 , Noël Fonton  17 , Jean-François Etard  18 , René Ecochard  19   20   21   22 ; ANRS 1215 study group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Impact of variability in adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy on the immunovirological response and mortality

Olayidé Boussari et al. BMC Med Res Methodol. .

Abstract

Background: Several previous studies have shown relationships between adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the viral load, the CD4 cell count, or mortality. However, the impact of variability in adherence to ART on the immunovirological response does not seem to have been investigated yet.

Methods: Monthly adherence data (November 1999 to April 2009) from 317 HIV-1 infected patients enrolled in the Senegalese ART initiative were analyzed. Latent-class trajectory models were used to build typical trajectories for the average adherence and the standardized variance of adherence. The relationship between the standardized variance of adherence and each of the change in CD4 cell count, the change in viral load, and mortality were investigated using, respectively, a mixed linear regression, a mixed logistic regression, and a Cox model with time-dependent covariates. All the models were adjusted on the average adherence.

Results: Three latent trajectories for the average adherence and three for the standardized variance of adherence were identified. The increase in CD4 cell count and the increase in the percentage of undetectable viral loads were negatively associated with the standardized variance of adherence but positively associated with the average adherence. The risk of death decreased significantly with the increase in the average adherence but increased significantly with the increase of the standardized variance of adherence.

Conclusions: The impacts of the level and the variability of adherence on the immunovirological response and survival justify the inclusion of these aspects into the process of patient education: adherence should be both high and constant.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trajectories of adherence averages (left panel) and standardized variances (right panel).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distributions of undetectable viral loads and CD4 cell counts according to average adherence and standardized variance of adherence groups. Panel a: Mean percentages of undetectable viral loads (with their 95% CIs) starting from the 6th month after HAART initiation. Panel b: Variations, by six-month intervals, of the CD4 cell counts starting from the 6th month after HAART initiation. cH: constantly high average adherence - HsD: high but slowly decreasing average adherence - DrI: decreasing then rapidly increasing average adherence.
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Pre-publication history
    1. The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/15/10/prepub

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