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. 2015 Mar;18(1):5-15.
doi: 10.3109/13685538.2015.1004049. Epub 2015 Feb 6.

Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of hypogonadism in men

Bruno Lunenfeld  1 , George Mskhalaya, Michael Zitzmann, Stefan Arver, Svetlana Kalinchenko, Yuliya Tishova, Abraham Morgentaler
Affiliations

Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of hypogonadism in men

Bruno Lunenfeld et al. Aging Male. 2015 Mar.

Abstract

Hypogonadism or Testosterone Deficiency (TD) in adult men as defined by low levels of serum testosterone accompanied by characteristic symptoms and/or signs as detailed further on can be found in long-recognized clinical entities such as Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, pituitary or testicular disorders, as well as in men with idiopathic, metabolic or iatrogenic conditions that result in testosterone deficiency. These recommendations do not encompass the full range of pathologies leading to hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency), but instead focus on the clinical spectrum of hypogonadism related to metabolic and idiopathic disorders that contribute to the majority of cases that occur in adult men.

Keywords: Hypogonadism; late-onset; men; testosterone; testosterone deficiency.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Threshold continuum to hypogonadism.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Saturation curve, demonstrating the relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Time-dependent onset of effects of testosterone substitution therapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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