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. 2014 Dec 3;6(1):23-31.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.6.000023. eCollection 2015 Jan 1.

Deep brain light stimulation effects on glutamate and dopamine concentration

Jinn-Rung Kuo  1 , Shih-Shian Lin  2 , Janelle Liu  3 , Shih-How Chen  2 , Chung-Chin Chio  4 , Jhi-Joung Wang  5 , Jia-Ming Liu  6
Affiliations

Deep brain light stimulation effects on glutamate and dopamine concentration

Jinn-Rung Kuo et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Compared to deep brain electrical stimulation, which has been applied to treating pathological brain diseases, little work has been done on the effect of deep brain light stimulation. A fiber-coupled laser stimulator at 840 nm wavelength and 130 Hz pulse repetition rate is developed in this work for deep brain light stimulation in a rat model. Concentration changes in glutamate and dopamine in the striatum are observed using a microdialysis probe when the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is stimulated at various optical power levels. Experimental results show that light stimulation causes the concentration of glutamate to decrease while that of dopamine is increased. This suggests that deep brain light stimulation of the STN is a promising therapeutic strategy for dopamine-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The stimulator developed for this work is useful for deep brain light stimulation in biomedical research.

Keywords: (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.1420) Biology; (170.1610) Clinical applications; (170.3660) Light propagation in tissues; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.5180) Photodynamic therapy.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(a) Schematic of deep brain laser-light stimulator. (b) Overall external appearance of the system.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Optical spectrum of the light stimulator showing 840 nm peak wavelength.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(a) Periodic structure of the optical chopper. (b) Temporal waveforms of the amplitude-modulated laser light at three modulation frequencies of 0 Hz (black), 50 Hz (red), and 130 Hz (blue). Note that a modulation frequency of 0 Hz yields the unmodulated CW output.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(a) Schematic top view of the rat brain. A rat is fixed on a stereotactic apparatus, which is used to accurately locate the stimulus fiber in the targeted STN and the microdialysis probe in the striatum. (b) Flow diagram of the experimental protocol.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effects of light stimulation on glutamate in the striatum at three different optical power levels (2 mW, 5 mW, and 10 mW). The normalized glutamate concentration varies with the stimulating optical power. Sham animals were not optically stimulated. (N = 5 in each column.)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Effects of light stimulation on dopamine in the striatum at three different optical power levels (2 mW, 5 mW, and 10 mW). The normalized dopamine concentration varies with the stimulating optical power. Sham animals were not optically stimulated. (N = 5 in each column.)
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