CLASSIFICATION OF SCLEROCHOROIDAL CALCIFICATION BASED ON ENHANCED DEPTH IMAGING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY "MOUNTAIN-LIKE" FEATURES

Abstract

Purpose: To describe distinct enhanced depth optical coherence tomography patterns of sclerochoroidal calcification and their correlation to clinical features.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 67 eyes of 46 patients with spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging.

Results: The mean patient age at diagnosis was 68 years. There were 20 (43%) men and 26 (57%) women of white (n = 45, 98%) or Hispanic (n = 1, 2%) heritage. The most prominent sclerochoroidal calcification lesions were located in the superotemporal quadrant (n = 57, 85%) between the temporal arcades and the equator (n = 58, 87%). On enhanced depth optical coherence tomography, the sclerochoroidal calcification was located within the sclera in all cases and the inner surface topography assumed specific "mountain-like" patterns, including flat (Type 1) (n = 9) at median thickness of 1.2 mm, rolling (Type 2) (n = 28) at 1.4 mm thickness, rocky-rolling (Type 3) (n = 21) at 2.1 mm thickness, and table mountain (Type 4) (n = 9) at a thickness of 1.9 mm. The retinal layers were undisturbed in flat lesions, and outer retinal abnormalities were found in all other types. A comparison of the 4 types revealed that Type 3 lesions were thickest (P < 0.001), showing abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium, ellipsoid region, and external limiting membrane most commonly (P < 0.05) and demonstrating the most dramatic thinning of the overlying choroid (P < 0.01) and retina (P < 0.05). Type 4 lesions showed greatest basal diameter (P < 0.01) and least outer retinal abnormalities (P < 0.05) or choroid thinning (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: In this report, enhanced depth optical coherence tomography has demonstrated that sclerochoroidal calcification is a scleral-based disease and can be classified based on four "mountain-like" topographic patterns, associated with variable effects on the choroid and retina.