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. 2015 May 1:514:170-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.083. Epub 2015 Feb 5.

Metabolism and excretion rates of parent and hydroxy-PAHs in urine collected after consumption of traditionally smoked salmon for Native American volunteers

Oleksii Motorykin  1 , Lisandra Santiago-Delgado  1 , Diana Rohlman  2 , Jill E Schrlau  3 , Barbara Harper  4 , Stuart Harris  4 , Anna Harding  2 , Molly L Kile  2 , Staci L Massey Simonich  5
Affiliations

Metabolism and excretion rates of parent and hydroxy-PAHs in urine collected after consumption of traditionally smoked salmon for Native American volunteers

Oleksii Motorykin et al. Sci Total Environ. .

Abstract

Few studies have been published on the excretion rates of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) following oral exposure. This study investigated the metabolism and excretion rates of 4 parent PAHs and 10 OH-PAHs after the consumption of smoked salmon. Nine members of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation consumed 50 g of traditionally smoked salmon with breakfast and five urine samples were collected during the following 24 h. The concentrations of OH-PAHs increased from 43.9 μg/g creatinine for 2-OH-Nap to 349 ng/g creatinine for 1-OH-Pyr, 3 to 6 h post-consumption. Despite volunteers following a restricted diet, there appeared to be a secondary source of naphthalene and fluorene, which led to excretion efficiencies greater than 100%. For the parent PAHs that were detected in urine, the excretion efficiencies ranged from 13% for phenanthrene (and its metabolite) to 240% for naphthalene (and its metabolites). The half-lives for PAHs ranged from 1.4 h for retene to 3.3h for pyrene. The half-lives for OH-PAHs were higher and ranged from 1.7 h for 9-OH-fluorene to 7.0 h for 3-OH-fluorene. The concentrations of most parent PAHs, and their metabolites, returned to the background levels 24 h post-consumption.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean creatinine adjusted PAH and OH-PAH concentrations over the 24 hr time period (N=3, the error bars represent standard deviation). The consumption of fish occurred at time zero. A) Participant-1, B) Participant-2, C) Participant-3.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Boxplots of urinary OH-PAH concentrations for this study, the CTUIR inhalation study (Motorykin et al., 2015) and for NHANES values from 2007–2008 survey years (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013). The grey rectangle represents the first and third quartile (25th and 75th percentile), the line inside is the median, and whiskers are minimum and maximum values. The black diamond is pre-exposure concentration for the ingestion and inhalation studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Normalized PAH profile in smoked salmon (A) and normalized PAH + OH-PAH profile in urine (B).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Excretion efficiencies of PAH+OH-PAHs in urine calculated using Equation 1. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Urinary PAH and OH-PAH first order elimination curves. Fish consumption occurred at time zero.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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