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. 2015 Jul;62(7):1222-7.
doi: 10.1002/pbc.25438. Epub 2015 Feb 8.

Prevalence of post-thrombotic syndrome after cardiac catheterization

Michael J Luceri  1 , Joana A Tala  2 , Constance G Weismann  1 , Cicero T Silva  3 , E Vincent S Faustino  1
Affiliations

Prevalence of post-thrombotic syndrome after cardiac catheterization

Michael J Luceri et al. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul.

Abstract

Background: As the survival of children with cardiac disease increases, chronic complications of deep venous thrombosis from cardiac catheterization, particularly post-thrombotic syndrome, may be important to monitor for and treat, if needed. We aimed to determine the prevalence of this syndrome in children who underwent cardiac catheterization.

Procedure: We conducted a cross-sectional study of children <18 years old at least 1 year from first catheterization through the femoral vein. We used the Manco-Johnson instrument, the only tool validated in children, to diagnose post-thrombotic syndrome. We defined the syndrome as a score ≥ 1. It was considered physically and functionally significant if the score was ≥ 1 in both physical and functional domains of the instrument. We also conducted ultrasonography to assess for thrombosis and valvular insufficiency.

Results: We enrolled 62 children with a median age of 4 months during catheterization and a median of 5.4 years since catheterization. A total of 40 children had post-thrombotic syndrome (prevalence: 64.5%; 95% confidence interval: 51.3-76.3%), the majority of which were mild. Presence of cyanotic congenital heart disease, total number of catheterizations, use of antithrombotic agents at any time after the first catheterization, age at first catheterization, or time since first catheterization was not associated with the syndrome. A total of seven children (prevalence: 11.3%; 95% confidence interval: 3.2-19.4%) had physically and functionally significant syndrome. None of the children had abnormalities on ultrasonography at the time of enrollment.

Conclusions: Post-thrombotic syndrome is a common complication after cardiac catheterization. Manifestations are usually mild and unlikely to require treatment.

Keywords: child; deep venous thrombosis; heart disease; pediatrics; ultrasonography.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

The other authors have no real or perceived conflicts of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of scores from the Manco-Johnson instrument for the (A) right and (B) left legs of children with post-thrombotic syndrome (n=40)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between putative prevalence factors and post-thrombotic syndrome
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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