Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Dec 15;7(12):5376-84.
eCollection 2014.

Effects of intrathecal anesthesia with different concentrations and doses on spinal cord, nerve roots and cerebrospinal fluid in dogs

Jianrong Guo  1 , Na Lv  1 , Yongjun Su  1 , Yang Liu  1 , Jianping Zhang  1 , Dawei Yang  1
Affiliations

Effects of intrathecal anesthesia with different concentrations and doses on spinal cord, nerve roots and cerebrospinal fluid in dogs

Jianrong Guo et al. Int J Clin Exp Med. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effects of intrathecal anesthesia with bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine hydrochloride at different doses on the spinal cord, nerve roots and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dogs.

Methods: Forty-two mongrel dogs were randomly divided into normal saline group (C; 2 ml), 0.5% (B1) and 0.75% (B2) bupivacaine hydrochloride groups (2 ml), 0.5% (L1) and 0.75% (L2) levobupivacaine hydrochloride group (2 ml), 0.5% (R1) and 0.75% (R2) ropivacaine hydrochloride group (2 ml), and drugs were intrathecally injected.

Results: The contents of Ca(2+) and MDA and SOD activity of the spinal cord were comparable among groups (P > 0.05). In Groups B1, L1 and R1, the neuronal cytoplasm of spinal tissues was basically normal, the majority of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum had complete structure, and the lamellar structure of modulated fibers was nearly normal. In Groups B2, L2 and R2, a small amount of mitochondrial vacuolar degeneration was found in the neuronal cytoplasm of spinal cord, but their structures were basically normal; the neural tissues exhibited focal mild edema, and most of the lamellar structure of modulated fibers and Schwann cells were nearly normal except for loose structure in several fibers and cells.

Conclusion: When compared with 0.75% anesthetics for local anesthesia, the early adverse effects on the ultrastructure of the spinal cord and nerve root reduce after focal anesthesia with 0.5% anesthetics.

Keywords: Amides; Ca2+; free radical; intrathecal anesthesia; nerve root; spinal cord; ultrastructure.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Electronic microscopy showed the ultrastructure of the spinal cord in each group (double-staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, ×12000). C: Normal saline group; B1: 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride group; B2: 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride group; L1: 0.5% levobupivacaine hydrochloride group; L2: 0.75% levobupivacaine hydrochloride group; R1: 0.5% ropivacaine hydrochloride group; R2: 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Electronic microscopy showed the ultrastructure of the nerve root in each group (double-staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, ×5000). C: Normal saline group; B1: 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride group; B2: 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride group; L1: 0.5% levobupivacaine hydrochloride group; L2: 0.75% levobupivacaine hydrochloride group; R1: 0.5% ropivacaine hydrochloride group; R2: 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Takenami T, Wang G, Nara Y, Fukushima S, Yagishita S, Hiruma H, Kawakami T, Okamoto H. Intrathecally administered ropivacaine is less neurotoxic than procaine, bupivacaine, and levobupivacaine in a rat spinal model. Can J Anaesth. 2012;59:456–465. - PubMed
    1. Zhong Z, Qulian G, Yuan Z, Wangyuan Z, Zhihua S. Repeated intrathecal administration of ropivacaine causes neurotoxicity in rats. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2009;37:929–936. - PubMed
    1. Cherng CH, Wong CS, Wu CT, Yeh CC. Glutamate release and neurologic impairment after intrathecal administration of lidocaine and bupivacaine in the rat. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011;36:452–456. - PubMed
    1. Camorcia M, Capogna G, Berritta C, Columb MO. The relative potencies for motor block after intrathecal ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:904–907. - PubMed
    1. Lee YY, Ngan Kee WD, Fong SY, Liu JT, Gin T. The median effective dose of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine after intrathecal injection in lower limb surgery. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:1331–1334. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources