[Psychogenic movement disorders]

Abstract

Background: Psychogenic movement disorders are movement disorders that are the result of a psychiatric rather than a primary neurological disorder. Some authors prefer the term 'functional movement disorder'.

Aim: To discuss the nosology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic movement disorders.

Method: We discuss recent, selected literature.

Results: Patients with psychogenic movement disorders have debilitating symptoms that can lead to long-term disability. Often such patients are diagnosed with 'conversion disorder'. There is evidence that stress can interfere with motor functioning by affecting centres that are involved in planning and action monitoring. These patients need structured and multidisciplinary treatment supported by neurological and psychiatric follow-up. Cognitive behavioral therapy and low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation have a limited effect.

Conclusion: Psychogenic movement disorders and conversion disorders have features in common. There is evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy has beneficial effects, but the prognosis remains poor.