[The genetics of antipsychotic-related movement disorders]

Abstract

Background: Treatment with antipsychotics is associated with movement disorders which are sometimes irreversible. It is therefore important to find ways of preventing the movements generated by the use of antipsychotics. Pharmacogenetic research is working on prevention strategies. The result of this research focus mainly on meta-analyses of association studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Aim: To present a review of the main pharmacogenetic studies of antipsychotic-related movement disorders.

Method: We reviewed the literature using Medline, Embase and PsycINFO.

Results: Evidence from pooled data derived from meta-analyses showed small odds ratios between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and genes encoding DRD2, DRD3, BDNF, COMT, 5-HTR2A, CYP2D6, and MnSOD (p-value < 0.05). These results were not confirmed in DRDs and mnSOD by the most recent meta-analyses. GWAS for TD and parkinsonism have revealed new genes.

Conclusion: So far, we are unable to provide any clinically useful advice. New pharmacogenetic research and diagnostic systems are likely to create new opportunities.