Detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by prolonged electrocardiographic recording after ischaemic stroke in patients aged<60years: a study with 21-day recording using the SpiderFlash(®) monitor

Abstract

Background: Many studies have suggested that longer duration of cardiac monitoring is suitable for the detection of occult paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after stroke; however, most studies involved patients aged≥65years - a population with a high stroke rate.

Aims: To assess the incidence of paroxysmal AF in unselected young patients presenting with stroke.

Methods: We included consecutive patients aged<60years with a stroke diagnosis on magnetic resonance imaging. Aetiological screening included clinical history and examination, and biological and cardiac tests. Patients were included if they had no history of AF and if a 24-hour electrocardiogram recording detected no AF or atrial flutter. Patients wore the SpiderFlash(®) monitor for 21days after discharge from hospital. The primary outcome was detection of paroxysmal AF episodes lasting>30seconds during monitoring. The secondary outcome was detection of paroxysmal AF episodes lasting<30seconds and any arrhythmia during monitoring.

Results: Among the 56 patients included (mean age 48±9years), 39 had cryptogenic stroke (CS) and 17 had stroke of known cause (SKC). Cardiac monitoring was achieved in 54 patients (37 CS, 17 SKC); one CS patient had a paroxysmal AF episode lasting>30seconds and one CS patient had a paroxysmal AF episode lasting<30seconds (versus no patients in the SKC group). Two CS patients and one SKC patient presented numerous premature atrial complexes. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia was detected in one CS patient.

Conclusion: This prospective observational study showed a low rate of paroxysmal AF among young patients presenting with stroke, on the basis of 21-day cardiac monitoring. This result highlights the need to identify patients who would benefit from such long monitoring.

Keywords: Accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique; Enregistrement électrocardiographique externe de longue durée; Fibrillation auriculaire paroxystique; Ischaemic stroke; Long external cardiac monitoring; Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; Patients jeunes; Young patients.