Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2015;25(1):22-35.
doi: 10.11613/BM.2015.003.

Advances in urinary protein biomarkers for urogenital and non-urogenital pathologies

Johanna Pedroza-Díaz  1 , Sarah Röthlisberger  1
Affiliations
Review

Advances in urinary protein biomarkers for urogenital and non-urogenital pathologies

Johanna Pedroza-Díaz et al. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2015.

Abstract

The discovery of protein biomarkers that reflect the biological state of the body is of vital importance to disease management. Urine is an ideal source of biomarkers that provides a non-invasive approach to diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of diseases. Consequently, the study of the human urinary proteome has increased dramatically over the last 10 years, with many studies being published. This review focuses on urinary protein biomarkers that have shown potential, in initial studies, for diseases affecting the urogenital tract, specifically chronic kidney disease and prostate cancer, as well as other non-urogenital pathologies such as breast cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. PubMed was searched for peer-reviewed literature on the subject, published in the last 10 years. The keywords used were "urine, biomarker, protein, and/or prostate cancer/breast cancer/chronic kidney disease/diabetes/atherosclerosis/osteoarthritis". Original studies on the subject, as well as a small number of reviews, were analysed including the strengths and weaknesses, and we summarized the performance of biomarkers that demonstrated potential. One of the biggest challenges found is that biomarkers are often shared by several pathologies so are not specific to one disease. Therefore, the trend is shifting towards implementing a panel of biomarkers, which may increase specificity. Although there have been many advances in urinary proteomics, these have not resulted in similar advancements in clinical practice due to high costs and the lack of large data sets. In order to translate these potential biomarkers to clinical practice, vigorous validation is needed, with input from industry or large collaborative studies.

Keywords: biomarker; protein; urine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

References

    1. Fang H, Wang K, Zhang J. Transcriptome and proteome analyses of drug interactions with natural products. Curr Drug Metab. 2008;9:1038–48. 10.2174/138920008786927802 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Patterson SD, Aebersold RH. Proteomics: the first decade and beyond. Nat Genet. 2003;33Suppl:311–23. 10.1038/ng1106 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Goo YA, Goodlett DR. Advances in proteomic prostate cancer biomarker discovery. J Proteomics. 2010;73:1839–50. 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.04.002 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Xiao Z, Prieto D, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Issaq HJ. Proteomic patterns: their potential for disease diagnosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005;230:95–106. 10.1016/j.mce.2004.10.010 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Omenn GS, States DJ, Adamski M, Blackwell TW, Menon R, Hermjakob H, et al. Overview of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project: results from the pilot phase with 35 collaborating laboratories and multiple analytical groups, generating a core dataset of 3020 proteins and a publicly-available database. Proteomics. 2005;5:3226–45. 10.1002/pmic.200500358 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Substances