Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Dec;25(4):504-9.
doi: 10.1007/s13337-014-0239-3. Epub 2014 Nov 12.

Epidemiology of foot and mouth disease in Karnataka state, India: a retrospective study

Raveendra Hegde  1 , Amitha R Gomes  1 , P Giridhar  1 , Srikanth Kowalli  1 , B P Shivashankar  1 , K J Sudharshana  1 , K Nagaraj  1 , R Sesharao  1 , K C Mallinath  1 , B P Shankar  1 , D Nagaraj  1 , C M Seema  1 , Tanveer Ahmed Khan  1 , G V Nagaraj  1 , K Srikala  1 , N K Dharanesh  1 , M D Venkatesha  1 , C Renukaprasad  1
Affiliations

Epidemiology of foot and mouth disease in Karnataka state, India: a retrospective study

Raveendra Hegde et al. Virusdisease. 2014 Dec.

Abstract

A retrospective study on the epidemiology of foot and- mouth disease (FMD) in Karnataka, India between the years 1977 and 2012-13 based on the data collected through passive and active surveillance was undertaken. A total of 11,159 outbreaks with 0.271 million cases of FMD were recorded from 30 different revenue districts of Karnataka. There was a significant difference between the years for the annual incidence of FMD (P = <0.001, F = 19.10) and also between the months (P = <0.001, F = 4.22). Cattle and buffaloes were the predominant species affected being involved in all of the outbreaks reported. A significant correlation was observed between livestock density and the number of outbreaks reported (r = 0.70, p < 0.02), and number of cases (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) for all the agro-climatic zones. The Central dry zone (n = 2257, 19.89 %) reported the highest number of outbreaks followed by the Northern dry zone (n = 1881, 16.58 %) and the Southern transition zone (n = 1761, 15.52 %), and attack rates were concentrated in the North/Northeastern/Central dry and transition zones. A large majority of the outbreaks were caused by serotype O (64.04 %), followed by Asia 1 (19.87 %) and A (12.27 %). Serotype C was not reported since 1993 in the state. In recent years, serotype O has dominated (82.59 %), with the rest of the outbreaks being almost equally caused by A (9.01 %) and Asia 1 (8.40 %). The study highlights the significance of the O serotype and cattle as the main indicator species in the epidemiology of FMD in Karnataka, India. The findings from this study can be used as baseline epidemiological data for further research to identify endemic and epidemic areas for the development of a sustainable programme for the progressive control of FMD in the state of Karnataka as well as other endemic settings.

Keywords: Agroclimatic zones; Epidemiology; Foot and mouth disease; Species; Temporal and Spatial distribution.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
FMD vaccination coverage of cattle and buffaloes in Karnataka, 2001-2013
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Alexandersen S, Zhang Z, Donaldson AI, Garland AJ. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. J Comp Pathol. 2003;129:1–36. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9975(03)00041-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ayebazibwe, C., TjØrnehØj, K, Mwiine, FN, Muwanika, VB, Ademun Okurut, AR, Siegismund, HR, and Alexandersen, S, 2010: Patterns, risk factors and characteristics of reported and perceived foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Uganda. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 1–13. - PubMed
    1. Bhattacharya S., Banerjee R, Ghosh R, Chattopadhayay AP, and Chatterjee A, 2005: Studies of the outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in West Bengal, India, between 1985 and 2002. Revue Scientifique et Technique—Office International des Epizooties. 24, 945–952. - PubMed
    1. Biswal JK, Sanyal A, Rodriguez LL, Subramaniam S, Arzt J, Sharma GK, Hammond JM, Parida S, Mohapatra JK, Mathapati BS, Dash BB, Ranjan R, Rout M, Venketaramanan R, Misri Jyoti, Krishna Lal, Prasad Gaya, Pathak KML, Pattnaik B. Foot-and-mouth disease: global status and Indian perspective. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2012;82:109–131.
    1. Chowdhury B, Bhattacharya UK, Bhattacharya HM. Geo-climatic variation influencing foot and mouth disease outbreaks in West Bengal. Indian J. anim. Health. 1986;25:171–174.

LinkOut - more resources