[Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis]

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorder, and is characterized by inflammation of the joint, which can lead to irreversible bone damage, joint deformity and disability, if not diagnosed timely or treated adequately. New classification criteria were developed in 2010 in order to identify patients at risk of developing persistent or erosive arthritis, and requiring early therapy. In order to detect early arthritis or bone erosions before their appearance on X-rays, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are now routinely used by clinicians, and also seem to deliver prognostic information about the disease. Synovial biopsies are potentially interesting in case of early arthritis to identify markers of diagnosis, prognosis or therapeutic response. Genetic or environmental risk factors were described to play a role in the development or maintenance of the disease; they could also help to screen early RA. A rapid diagnosis is eventually based on the right information and a tight collaboration between the primary care physician and the rheumatology care specialist.