Is rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization enough for functional improvements in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery? A prospective randomized controlled study

Abstract

Objective: Rehabilitation has been reported to improve pain and disability for patients after lumbar surgery. However, studies to investigate the rehabilitation intervention for lumbar decompression surgery during hospitalization are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine outcomes of perioperative rehabilitation intervention for patients who underwent lumbar decompression surgery (LDS).

Methods: Patients aged 18-65 years old who received their first LDS were randomized into the perioperative rehabilitation group (PG) or control group (CG). The PG received rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization for lumbar decompression surgery. Pain, functional capacity, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) were assessed on admission, at discharge, and at follow-ups one month, three months, and six months after surgery. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis.

Results: A total of 60 patients scheduled for decompression surgery for lumbar stenosis were enrolled into the study. After surgery, the PG showed significant pain relief and improvement of disability as well as quality of life, but there were no significant functional improvements compared with the CG.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization improves pain intensity as well as disability and quality of life, yet has limited effects on the functional performance over time up to six months post-surgery in patients who received LDS. The study suggest that rehabilitation interventions during hospitalization must include regular support for patient adherence to the intervention program and focus on task-oriented programs for lower extremities such as closed-chain exercises in functional postures.

Keywords: Decompression surgery; Hospitalization; Perioperative period; Physiotherapy rehabilitation; Spinal surgery.