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Review
. 2014 May;5(3):277-94.
doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.04.005. Epub 2013 May 7.

Current concept in neural regeneration research: NSCs isolation, characterization and transplantation in various neurodegenerative diseases and stroke: A review

Sandeep K Vishwakarma  1 , Avinash Bardia  2 , Santosh K Tiwari  2 , Syed A B Paspala  1 , Aleem A Khan  1
Affiliations
Review

Current concept in neural regeneration research: NSCs isolation, characterization and transplantation in various neurodegenerative diseases and stroke: A review

Sandeep K Vishwakarma et al. J Adv Res. 2014 May.

Abstract

Since last few years, an impressive amount of data has been generated regarding the basic in vitro and in vivo biology of neural stem cells (NSCs) and there is much far hope for the success in cell replacement therapies for several human neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. The discovery of adult neurogenesis (the endogenous production of new neurons) in the mammalian brain more than 40 years ago has resulted in a wealth of knowledge about stem cells biology in neuroscience research. Various studies have done in search of a suitable source for NSCs which could be used in animal models to understand the basic and transplantation biology before treating to human. The difficulties in isolating pure population of NSCs limit the study of neural stem behavior and factors that regulate them. Several studies on human fetal brain and spinal cord derived NSCs in animal models have shown some interesting results for cell replacement therapies in many neurodegenerative diseases and stroke models. Also the methods and conditions used for in vitro culture of these cells provide an important base for their applicability and specificity in a definite target of the disease. Various important developments and modifications have been made in stem cells research which is needed to be more specified and enrolment in clinical studies using advanced approaches. This review explains about the current perspectives and suitable sources for NSCs isolation, characterization, in vitro proliferation and their use in cell replacement therapies for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases and strokes.

Keywords: Characterization; Neural stem cells; Neurodegenerative diseases; Regeneration; Stroke.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
NSCs self-renewal and proliferation pathway.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Subventricular zone of adult human brain. (A) Coronal view showing the lateral ventricles showing the cellular composition and cytoarchitecture of SVZ, consisting of ependymal cell layer, hypocellular gap, astrocytic ribbon containing astrocytes and migrating neuroblasts and transitional zone separating the SVZ from the striatum rich in neurons.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Pathology of Parkinson’s disease and NSCs based approach for cellular therapy.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Pathology of Depression leading to the Alzheimer’s disease.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease and NSCs based approach for cellular therapy.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
NSCs based approach of cellular therapy for Spinal cord injury repair.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
NSCs based therapy for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Pathology and NSCs based cell therapy for multiple sclerosis in brain and spinal cord.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Pathology of stroke in brain and NSCs based cellular therapy.
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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