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Review
. 2015 Feb 16;7(2):739-50.
doi: 10.3390/v7020739.

eIF4E as a control target for viruses

Hilda Montero  1 , Rebeca García-Román  2 , Silvia I Mora  3
Affiliations
Review

eIF4E as a control target for viruses

Hilda Montero et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Translation is a complex process involving diverse cellular proteins, including the translation initiation factor eIF4E, which has been shown to be a protein that is a point for translational regulation. Viruses require components from the host cell to complete their replication cycles. Various studies show how eIF4E and its regulatory cellular proteins are manipulated during viral infections. Interestingly, viral action mechanisms in eIF4E are diverse and have an impact not only on viral protein synthesis, but also on other aspects that are important for the replication cycle, such as the proliferation of infected cells and stimulation of viral reactivation. This review shows how some viruses use eIF4E and its regulatory proteins for their own benefit in order to spread themselves.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Initiation complex. The interaction between the eIF4F complex, 43S, and mRNA is shown. EIF4F is formed by eIF4A, eIF4G, and eIF4E. The complex 43S is formed by eIF3, the small ribosomal subunit, and eIF2, which in turn is formed by methionine-tRNA-initiator (Met-tRNAi) and GTP. The mRNA is recruited to the eIF4F complex across the interaction of the 3′ end and poly-A-binding protein (PABP) and the 5′ cap and eIF4E. UTR: untranslated region.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differential regulation of eIF4F by various viruses. (1) eIF4E regulation via phosphorylation at serine 209. eIF4E is regulated by dephosphorylation by blocking of MnK1 by 100K adenovirus viral protein. (2) Regulation on 4EBP1. 4EBP1 is dephospohorylated during the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection and eIF4E is hijacking the by 4EBP1 protein. (3) Alteration in eIF4E expression. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) reduces eIF4E expression by inducing the synthesis of microRNA 141 (miRNA-141). (4) Replacement of the function of eIF4E by viral proteins. Junin virus codifies the N viral protein, which substitutes for eIF4E of the eIF4F complex. (5) eIF4E regulation via its binding to viral proteins. The Z lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus protein is joining to eIF4E across the RING (really interesting new gene) motif, blocking the eIF4E function. LCV: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; ADV: adenovirus.
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