Antioxidant properties, physico-chemical characteristics and proximate composition of five wild fruits of Manipur, India

Abstract

Antioxidant properties, physico-chemical characteristics and proximate composition of five wild fruits viz., Garcinia pedunculata, Garcinia xanthochymus, Docynia indica, Rhus semialata and Averrhoa carambola grown in Manipur, India were presented in the current study. The order of the antioxidant activity and reducing power of the fruit samples was found as R. semialata > D. indica > G. xanthochymus > A. carambola > G. pedunculata. Good correlation coefficient (R(2) > 0.99) was found among the three methods applied to determine antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was positively correlated (R(2) = 0.960) with the antioxidant activity however, total flavonoid content was not positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. Physico-chemical and proximate composition of these fruits is documented for the first time.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Averrhoa carambola; Docynia indica; Garcinia pedunculata; Garcinia xanthochymus; Rhus semialata.

Fig. 1

Five selected wild edible fruits grown in Manipur, India. a Garcinia pedunculata, a’ TS of Garcinia pedunculata, b Garcinia xanthochymus, c Docynia indica, d Rhus semialata and e Averrhoa carambola

Fig. 2

Concentration response curves of % free radical scavenged versus log of concentration of a five wild edible fruits through DPPH method, b five wild edible fruits through ABTS method, c standards through DPPH method, and d standards through ABTS method. GP: Garcinia pedunculata, GX: Garcinia xanthochymus, DI: Docynia indica, RS: Rhus semialata, AC: Averrhoa carambola

Fig. 3

Correlation curves of a IC₅₀ values obtained by DPPH method versus IC₅₀ values obtained by ABTS method, b 1/(GAE mg/g ext.) × 1,000 values obtained by reducing power assay versus IC₅₀ values obtained by DPPH method, c TPC (GAE mg/g ext.) versus 1/IC₅₀ values of DPPH method × 1,000 and d TFC (QE mg/g ext.) versus 1/IC₅₀ values of DPPH method × 1,000