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Meta-Analysis
. 2015 Feb 19;9(2):e0003525.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003525. eCollection 2015 Feb.

Toxoplasmosis and epilepsy--systematic review and meta analysis

Edgard B Ngoungou  1 , Devender Bhalla  2 , Amandine Nzoghe  3 , Marie-Laure Dardé  4 , Pierre-Marie Preux  5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Toxoplasmosis and epilepsy--systematic review and meta analysis

Edgard B Ngoungou et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an important, widespread, parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The chronic infection in immunocompetent patients, usually considered as asymptomatic, is now suspected to be a risk factor for various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to estimate the risk of epilepsy due to toxoplasmosis.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted of several databases and journals to identify studies published in English or French, without date restriction, which looked at toxoplasmosis (as exposure) and epilepsy (as disease) and met certain other inclusion criteria. The search was based on keywords and suitable combinations in English and French. Fixed and random effects models were used to determine odds ratios, and statistical significance was set at 5.0%.

Principal findings: Six studies were identified, with an estimated total of 2888 subjects, of whom 1280 had epilepsy (477 positive for toxoplasmosis) and 1608 did not (503 positive for toxoplasmosis). The common odds ratio (calculated) by random effects model was 2.25 (95% CI 1.27-3.9), p = 0.005.

Conclusions: Despite the limited number of studies, and a lack of high-quality data, toxoplasmosis should continue to be regarded as an epilepsy risk factor. More and better studies are needed to determine the real impact of this parasite on the occurrence of epilepsy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flowchart of search of studies for epidemiological correlation between toxoplasmosis and epilepsy.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Scatter plot of odds ratios for epidemiological correlation between toxoplasmosis and epilepsy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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