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Review
. 2015 Mar;22(2):116-22.
doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.12.001.

Management of hypertension in CKD: beyond the guidelines

Eric Judd  1 , David A Calhoun  2
Affiliations
Review

Management of hypertension in CKD: beyond the guidelines

Eric Judd et al. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2015 Mar.

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) and CKD are closely associated with an intermingled cause and effect relationship. Blood pressure (BP) typically rises with declines in kidney function, and sustained elevations in BP hasten progression of kidney disease. This review addresses current management issues in HTN in patients with CKD including altered circadian rhythm of BP, timing of antihypertensive medication dosing, BP targets, diagnostic challenges in evaluating secondary forms of HTN, and the role of salt restriction in CKD. HTN in patients with CKD is often accompanied by a decrease in the kidney's ability to remove salt. Addressing this salt sensitivity is critical for the management of HTN in CKD. In addition to the well-established use of an ACEI or angiotensin receptor blocker, dietary salt restriction and appropriate diuretic therapy make up the mainstay of HTN treatment in patients with CKD. Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications can restore nocturnal dips in BP, and future clinical practice guidelines may recommend bedtime dosing of 1 or more antihypertensive medications in patients with CKD.

Keywords: Blood pressure; CKD; Hypertension; Resistant; Salt.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diurnal blood pressure in individuals with and without CKD plotted alongside normal diurnal variations in plasma cortisol levels. Modified from Mojon et al.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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