Metabolic Control of Th17 Cell Generation and CNS Inflammation

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), results from uncontrolled auto reactive T cells that infiltrate the CNS and attack the myelin sheath. Th17 cells play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. Extensive studies have focused on understanding the roles of cytokine signaling and transcriptional network in the differentiation of Th17 cells and their pathogenicity in CNS inflammation. Aside from these events, activated T cells dynamically reprogram their metabolic pathways to fulfill the bioenergic and biosynthetic requirements for proper T cell functions. Emerging evidence indicates that modulation of these metabolic pathways impinges upon the differentiation of Th17 cells and the pathogenesis of EAE. Thus, a better understanding of the functions and mechanisms of T cell metabolism in Th17 cell biology may provide new avenues for therapeutic targeting of MS. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of T cell metabolic pathways involved in Th17 cell differentiation and CNS inflammation.

Keywords: Autoimmune disease; CNS inflammation; T cell metabolism.

Figure 1

Regulation of Th17 cell differentiation by nutrient metabolism, including glucose, cholesterol and amino acid metabolism.