Use of microbleeding and an ultrathin endoscope to assess gastric mucosal protection by famotidine

Abstract

We have developed an ultrathin endoscope for repeated endoscopy in unsedated subjects and used it with assessment of bleeding rates to investigate aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury and its prevention by famotidine. Compared with placebo, 900 mg of aspirin b.i.d. taken for 48 h caused significant endoscopic injury (median grade 3.5, interquartile range 2-4, modified Lanza scale, p less than 0.01), with an increase in mucosal bleeding from 2.0 (geometric mean; 95% confidence limits, 1.1-3.9) microliters/12 min, to 8.3 (2.4-28.8) microliters/12 min (p less than 0.05). Famotidine (20 mg b.i.d.) raised intragastric pH and reduced endoscopic antral injury (median 1.5, interquartile range 0.5-2, p less than 0.05) and bleeding [3.1 (1.2-8.3) microliters/12 min, p less than 0.01] to levels not significantly different from placebo [1 (0-1) and 2.0 (1.1-3.9) microliters/12 min, respectively]. By contrast, 2 mg of famotidine b.i.d. had no significant effect on intragastric pH endoscopic injury or bleeding rates. The two assessments of gastric mucosal injury correlated strongly (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01). The reduction in bleeding with famotidine tended to be higher, the greater the intragastric pH (r = 0.66, p = 0.057). Ultrathin endoscopy is a simple technique that validates gastric mucosal bleeding as a measure of acute gastric mucosal injury in humans. Acid suppression is an effective method of ameliorating this injury.