Comparison of serum cystatin C and creatinine levels in determining glomerular filtration rate in children with stage I to III chronic renal disease

Abstract

Background: Pediatric studies are relatively scarce on the superiority of cystatin C over creatinine in estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study measured cystatin C and serum creatinine levels, and compared GFR estimated from these two parameters in patients with chronic renal disease.

Methods: This prospective, observational, controlled study included 166 patients aged 1-18 years diagnosed with stage I to III chronic renal disease, and 29 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In all patients, GFR was estimated via creatinine clearance, Schwartz formula, Zappitelli 1 and Zappitelli 2 formula and the results were compared using Bland-Altman analysis.

Results: Patients and controls did not differ with regard to height, body weight, BMI, serum creatinine and serum cystatin levels, and Schwartz formula-based GFR (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between creatinine and cystatin C levels. However, although creatinine levels showed a significant association with age, height, and BMI, cystatin C levels showed no such association. ROC analysis showed that cystatin C performed better than creatinine in detecting low GFR.

Conclusion: Cystatin C is a more sensitive and feasible indicator than creatinine for the diagnosis of stage I to III chronic renal disease.

Keywords: Chronic renal disease; creatinine; cystatin C; glomerular filtration rate.