Family clustering of secondary chronic kidney disease with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. A case-control study

Abstract

In Brazil hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are responsible for 60% of cases of end-stage renal disease in renal replacement therapy. In the United States studies have identified family clustering of chronic kidney disease, predominantly in African-Americans. A single Brazilian study observed family clustering among patients with chronic kidney disease when compared with hospitalized patients with normal renal function. This article aims to assess whether there is family clustering of chronic kidney disease in relatives of individuals in renal replacement therapy caused by hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. A case-control study with 336 patients in renal replacement therapy with diabetes mellitus or hypertension for at least 5 years (cases) and a control matched sample group of individuals with hypertension or diabetes mellitus and normal renal function (n = 389). Individuals in renal replacement therapy (cases) had a ratio of 2.35 (95% CI 1.42-3.89, p < 0.001) versus the control group in having relatives with chronic renal disease, irrespective of race or causative illness. There is family clustering of chronic kidney disease in the sample studied, and this predisposition is irrespective of race and underlying disease (hypertension or diabetes mellitus).