Increased postoperative day one discharges after implementation of a hysterectomy enhanced recovery pathway: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Purpose: In 2011, the hysterectomy enhanced recovery (HER) pathway, a multi-disciplinary, evidence-based care plan designed to improve recovery after open gynecologic surgery for non-malignant lesions, was introduced at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH). This before-and-after study examined the impact of the HER pathway on postoperative day (POD) 1 hospital discharge.

Methods: Ethical approval was obtained. This retrospective cohort study included patients who had undergone open abdominal gynecologic surgery for non-malignant lesions at TOH Civic Campus between July 2010 and September 2012 (the year before and year after HER implementation). Patients were analyzed in either a pre-HER or post-HER group depending on their surgery date. Patients with chronic pain and emergent surgery were excluded. Data were obtained via medical chart review. Our primary outcome was the percentage of POD 1 discharges before and after HER implementation. Secondary outcomes included return to hospital within 30 days of discharge, median length of stay (LOS), clinician compliance with HER, and an exploratory analysis with multivariable modelling to evaluate which aspects of the HER independently predicted POD 1 discharge. Variables used included American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (≥ II), prior abdominal surgery, body mass index, use of transversus abdominis plane blocks, and anesthetic type.

Results: Among the 223 patients, significantly more POD 1 discharges occurred for post-HER compared to pre-HER patients (34% vs 7%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 7.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.05 to 17.62). Rates of return to hospital at 30 days were similar between the groups (10% post-HER and 13% pre-HER; adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.74). The median length of stay was two days in the post-HER group and three days in the pre-HER group (P < 0.0001). Only inhalational general anesthesia was independently associated with decreased odds of POD 1 discharge (adjusted OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.65).

Conclusion: For patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, implementation of a HER pathway is associated with a higher POD 1 discharge rate, with no increase in the early return to hospital rate.