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. 2015 Apr;22(e1):e177-93.
doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocu047. Epub 2015 Feb 28.

Technology-mediated interventions for enhancing medication adherence

Niraj Mistry  1 , Arun Keepanasseril  2 , Nancy L Wilczynski  3 , Robby Nieuwlaat  4 , Manthan Ravall  3 , R Brian Haynes  2 ; Patient Adherence Review Team
Affiliations

Technology-mediated interventions for enhancing medication adherence

Niraj Mistry et al. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Despite effective therapies for many conditions, patients find it difficult to adhere to prescribed treatments. Technology-mediated interventions (TMIs) are increasingly being used with the hope of improving adherence.

Objective: To assess the effects of TMI, intended to enhance patient adherence to prescribed medications, on both medication adherence and clinical outcomes.

Methods: A secondary in-depth analysis was conducted of the subset of studies that utilized technology in at least one component of the intervention from an updated Cochrane review on all interventions for enhancing medication adherence. We included studies that clearly described an information and communication technology or medical device as the sole or major component of the adherence intervention.

Results: Thirty-eight studies were eligible for in-depth review. Only seven had a low risk of bias for study design features, primary adherence, and clinical outcomes. Eighteen studies used a TMI for education and/or counseling, 11 studies used a TMI for self-monitoring and/or feedback, and nine studies used electronic reminders. Studies used a variety of TMIs, with telephone the most common technology in use. Studies targeted a wide distribution of diseases and used a variety of adherence and clinical outcome measures. A minority targeted children and adolescents. Fourteen studies reported significant effects in both adherence and clinical outcome measures.

Conclusions: This review provides evidence for the inconsistent effectiveness of TMI for medication adherence and clinical outcomes. These results must be interpreted with caution due to a lack of high-quality studies.

Keywords: eHealth; outcomes; patient adherence; reminder systems; systematic review; technology mediation.

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Figures

Figure 1::
Figure 1::
Study inclusion flowchart.
Figure 2::
Figure 2::
Risk of bias graph: review of authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item, presented as percentages across all included studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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