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Review
. 2015 Jul-Aug;21(4):500-16.
doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmv013. Epub 2015 Mar 11.

Endometriosis: a high-risk population for major chronic diseases?

Marina Kvaskoff  1 , Fan Mu  2 , Kathryn L Terry  3 , Holly R Harris  4 , Elizabeth M Poole  5 , Leslie Farland  2 , Stacey A Missmer  3
Affiliations
Review

Endometriosis: a high-risk population for major chronic diseases?

Marina Kvaskoff et al. Hum Reprod Update. 2015 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Background: Despite an estimated prevalence of 10% in women, the etiology of endometriosis remains poorly understood. Over recent decades, endometriosis has been associated with risk of several chronic diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, asthma/atopic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. A deeper understanding of these associations is needed as they may provide new leads into the causes or consequences of endometriosis. This review summarizes the available epidemiological findings on the associations between endometriosis and other chronic diseases and discusses hypotheses for underlying mechanisms, potential sources of bias and methodological complexities.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed/Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge databases for all studies reporting on the associations between endometriosis and other diseases published in English through to May 2014, using numerous search terms. We additionally examined the reference lists of all identified papers to capture any additional articles that were not identified through computer searches.

Results: We identified 21 studies on the associations between endometriosis and ovarian cancer, 14 for breast cancer, 8 for endometrial cancer, 4 for cervical cancer, 12 for cutaneous melanoma and 3 for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as 9 on the links between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases, 6 on the links with asthma and atopic diseases, and 4 on the links with cardiovascular diseases. Endometriosis patients were reported to be at higher risk of ovarian and breast cancers, cutaneous melanoma, asthma, and some autoimmune, cardiovascular and atopic diseases, and at decreased risk of cervical cancer.

Conclusions: Increasing evidence suggests that endometriosis patients are at higher risk of several chronic diseases. Although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood, the available data to date suggest that endometriosis is not harmless with respects to women's long-term health. If these relationships are confirmed, these findings may have important implications in screening practices and in the management and care of endometriosis patients.

Keywords: asthma; autoimmune diseases; cancer; cardiovascular diseases; endometriosis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer risk.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between endometriosis and breast cancer risk.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Association between endometriosis and endometrial cancer risk.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Association between endometriosis and cutaneous melanoma risk.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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