Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2015 Feb 25:16:2.
doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0072-2.

Missing upper incisors: a retrospective study of orthodontic space closure versus implant

Abdolreza Jamilian, Letizia Perillo, Marco Rosa
Observational Study

Missing upper incisors: a retrospective study of orthodontic space closure versus implant

Abdolreza Jamilian et al. Prog Orthod. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the esthetic, periodontal, and functional outcomes of orthodontic space closure versus implant substitution in patients with missing maxillary incisors 5 years after completion of treatment.

Methods: The study group consisted of ten patients treated with orthodontic space closure (six males, four females, mean age 19 ± 2.1 years at the completion of treatment) and ten patients treated with implant insertion (five males, five females, mean age 20 ± 1.4 years at the time of implant insertion). Tooth mobility, plaque index, probing depth, infraocclusion, open gingival embrasure (black triangle), and temporomandibular joint function were recorded at the 5.6 years follow-up. Self-perceived dental esthetic appearance was also evaluated through a visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire. T-test was used to evaluate the data.

Results: All patients were equally satisfied with the appearance of their teeth 5.6 ± 0.4 years after the completion of treatment. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to the VAS scores of the subjects (P < 0.857). No significant differences were found in tooth mobility, plaque index (P < 0.632), and the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. However, significant infraocclusion was noticed in all implant patients (P < 0.001). Probing depth was also significantly higher in implant patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Orthodontic space closure and implant of missing maxillary incisors produced similar, well-accepted esthetic results. None of the treatments impaired temporomandibular joint function. Nevertheless, infraocclusion was evident in implant patients. Space closure patients also showed better periodontal health in comparison with implant patients.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Method of measuring infraocclusion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A patient with a missing maxillary lateral incisor.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Panoramic radiograph of the same patient with a missing maxillary lateral incisor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The same patient 5 years after implant insertion.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Panoramic radiograph of the same patient 5 years after implant insertion.
Figure 6
Figure 6
A patient with missing maxillary lateral incisors.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Panoramic radiograph of the same patient with missing maxillary lateral incisors.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The same patient 5 years after orthodontic space closure.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Panoramic radiograph of the same patient 5 years after orthodontic space closure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Rupp RP, Dillehay JK, Squire CF. Orthodontics, prosthodontics, and periodontics: a multidisciplinary approach. Gen Dent. 1997;45(3):286–9. - PubMed
    1. Ghassemi M, Jamilian A, Fritz U, Riediger D, Ghassemi A. Orthodontic treatment after autotransplantation. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(4):721–5. doi: 10.2319/102210-617.1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zachrisson BU, Stenvik A, Haanaes HR. Management of missing maxillary anterior teeth with emphasis on autotransplantation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126(3):284–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.06.007. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rosa M, Olimpo A, Fastuca R, Caprioglio A. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypeople to altered dental esthetics in cases with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:34. doi: 10.1186/2196-1042-14-34. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zachrisson BU, Rosa M, Toreskog S. Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: canine substitution. Point. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(4):434, 436, 438 passim. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources