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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2015 Apr;77(3):303-10.
doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000156.

Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study

David G Marrero  1 , Yong Ma, Mary de Groot, Edward S Horton, David W Price, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Mercedes R Carnethon, William C Knowler; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study

David G Marrero et al. Psychosom Med. 2015 Apr.

Abstract

Objective: To assess in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study whether diagnosis of diabetes predicted elevated depressive symptoms (DS) or use of antidepressant medicine (ADM) following diagnosis; whether diabetes status or duration had significant effect on DS or ADM use; and to determine the associations between A1C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), normalization of FPG, and DS or ADM use after diagnosis.

Methods: Diabetes Prevention Program participants in three treatment arms (intensive life style, metformin, placebo) were assessed for diabetes, glucose control, ADM use, and DS, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Among 3234 participants, 1285 developed diabetes. Depression levels were measured before and after diabetes diagnosis.

Results: Neither DS nor use of ADM increased after diagnosis; higher FPG was associated with greater ADM use in the intensive life style arm; a 10-mg/dl rise in FPG is associated with greater odds of ADM use. Higher FPG and A1C were associated with higher BDI scores in all three arms; A 10-mg/dl rise in FPG had a 0.07 increase in BDI. A 1% higher A1c was associated with a 0.21-point increase in BDI. Normalization of FPG was associated with lower BDI. When FPG had normalized, there was a decrease of 0.30 points in the BDI score compared when FPG had not normalized.

Conclusions: Contrary to clinical attributions, diabetes diagnosis did not show an immediate impact on BDI scores or ADM use. Higher glucose levels after diagnosis were associated with a small but significantly higher BDI score and more ADM use.

Trial registration: DPPOS: NCT00038727; DPP: NCT00004992.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
BDI≥11 and Antidepressant Medication Use Over time for Participants Diagnosed with Diabetes. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals for the % estimated. “0” on the X axis indicates the time of diabetes diagnosis. N represents number of participants at each annual (or semi-annual) visits. A) %BDI≥11 overtime for participants with diabetes. B) Anti-depressant use over time for participants with diabetes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between glycemic measures and depression. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval of the parameter estimates. A) Difference in BDI scores by glycemic measures. B) Difference in Antidepressant use and glycemic measures
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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