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. 2015 Apr;9(4):1518-1522.
doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2249. Epub 2015 Feb 2.

Doxapram hastens the recovery following total intravenous anesthesia with dexmedetomidine, propofol and remifentanil

Huan-Liang Wang  1 , Shu-Hai Tang  1 , Xue-Qin Wang  1 , Wen-Hua Gong  1 , Xiao-Mei Liu  1 , Wei-Fu Lei  1
Affiliations

Doxapram hastens the recovery following total intravenous anesthesia with dexmedetomidine, propofol and remifentanil

Huan-Liang Wang et al. Exp Ther Med. 2015 Apr.

Abstract

Dexmedetomidine is a suitable sedative for awake fiberoptic intubation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, previous studies have shown that dexmedetomidine delays recovery from propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. This study aimed to determine whether doxapram may hasten the recovery following dexmedotomidine-propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. Sixty patients scheduled for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with total intravenous anesthesia were randomized to two groups according to the medicine given at the end of surgery. These were the doxapram (1 mg/kg) and control (normal saline) groups (n=30 per group). The primary outcome was the time to eye opening on verbal command. The time to return to spontaneous breathing, to hand squeezing in response to verbal command, to extubation of the trachea, and the heart rate (HR), bispectral index (BIS) values, respiratory rate (RR) and pulse oximetry values were also recorded and compared. The time to return to spontaneous breathing (5.2±2.9 vs. 11.7±3.4 min, P<0.001), eye opening (9.3±4.7 vs. 15.9±6.3 min, P<0.001), hand squeeze to command (11.8±6.5 vs. 17.6±7.7 min, P=0.0026) and extubation (14.2±7.8 vs. 19.2±9.6 min, P=0.0308) were significantly shorter in the doxapram group compared with the control group. BIS scores (at 3-14 min), RR (at 4-10 min) and HR (at 2-13 min) were significantly higher in the doxapram group compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Doxapram hastens the recovery from dexmedetomidine-propofol-remifentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, and may benefit patients with OSA.

Keywords: dexmedetomidine; doxapram; obstructive sleep apnea; propofol; remifentanil.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the anesthesia process. FOI, fiberoptic intubation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in (A) bispectral index, (B) respiratory rate and (C) heart rate following the administration of doxapram. *P<0.05 vs. control. bpm, beats per minute.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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