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Review
. 2015 Mar 12:9:5-21.
doi: 10.4137/CCRPM.S22803. eCollection 2015.

Osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Malay Sarkar  1 , Rajeev Bhardwaj  2 , Irappa Madabhavi  3 , Jasmin Khatana  4
Affiliations
Review

Osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Malay Sarkar et al. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. .

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lifestyle-related chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is associated with various comorbidities found in all stages of COPD. The comorbidities have significant impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden in COPD. Management of comorbidities should be incorporated into the comprehensive management of COPD as this will also have an effect on the outcome in COPD patients. Various comorbidities reported in COPD include cardiovascular disease, skeletal muscle dysfunction, anemia, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a significant comorbidity in COPD patients. Various risk factors, such as tobacco smoking, systemic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and the use of oral or inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are responsible for its occurrence in patients with COPD. This review will focus on the prevalence, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis in COPD patients.

Keywords: COPD; RANK; osteoporosis; osteoprotegerin.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathogenesis of osteoporosis in COPD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship between RANK, RANKL, and OPG.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Normal DEXA scan of a patient.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) 3D micro-CT image (17 μm/pixel) of human trabecular bone (lumbar vertebra), size of the volume of interest: 10 × 10 × 19 mm. (B) 3D micro-CT image (17 μm/pixel) of human trabecular bone (lumbar vertebra). This bone has very low bone volume fraction, with a mainly rod-like appearance. Image courtesy: Dr Egon Perilli, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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