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Review
. 2015 Mar 17;16(3):6153-82.
doi: 10.3390/ijms16036153.

New therapies for dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer

Poupak Fallahi  1 , Valeria Mazzi  2 , Roberto Vita  3 , Silvia Martina Ferrari  4 , Gabriele Materazzi  5 , David Galleri  6 , Salvatore Benvenga  7 , Paolo Miccoli  8 , Alessandro Antonelli  9
Affiliations
Review

New therapies for dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer

Poupak Fallahi et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The number of thyroid cancers is increasing. Standard treatment usually includes primary surgery, thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressive therapy, and ablation of the thyroid remnant with radioactive iodine (RAI). Despite the generally good prognosis of thyroid carcinoma, about 5% of patients will develop metastatic disease, which fails to respond to RAI, exhibiting a more aggressive behavior. The lack of specific, effective and well-tolerated drugs, the scarcity of data about the association of multi-targeting drugs, and the limited role of radioiodine for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer, call for further efforts in the field of new drugs development. Rearranged during transfection (RET)/papillary thyroid carcinoma gene rearrangements, BRAF (B-RAF proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) gene mutations, RAS (rat sarcoma) mutations, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 angiogenesis pathways are some of the known pathways playing a crucial role in the development of thyroid cancer. Targeted novel compounds have been demonstrated to induce clinical responses and stabilization of disease. Sorafenib has been approved for differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to RAI.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Molecular targets and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the signaling pathways involved in dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer.
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