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Review
. 2015 Mar 5:7:19.
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00019. eCollection 2015.

DNA methylation dynamics in muscle development and disease

Elvira Carrió  1 , Mònica Suelves  1
Affiliations
Review

DNA methylation dynamics in muscle development and disease

Elvira Carrió et al. Front Aging Neurosci. .

Abstract

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification for mammalian development and is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of cellular identity. Traditionally, DNA methylation has been considered as a permanent repressive epigenetic mark. However, the application of genome-wide approaches has allowed the analysis of DNA methylation in different genomic contexts revealing a more dynamic regulation than originally thought, since active DNA methylation and demethylation occur during cellular differentiation and tissue specification. Satellite cells are the primary stem cells in adult skeletal muscle and are responsible for postnatal muscle growth, hypertrophy, and muscle regeneration. This review outlines the published data regarding DNA methylation changes along the skeletal muscle program, in both physiological and pathological conditions, to better understand the epigenetic mechanisms that control myogenesis.

Keywords: DNA methylation; aging; exercise; muscle cell identity; muscle pathologies; rhabdomyosarcoma.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cell type-specific DNA methylation profiles. Schematic representation of cell type-specific methylomes. CpG island promoters are usually protected from DNA methylation and are prone to active transcription. CpG-poor regions (intergenic) and repetitive elements are typically methylated, with the exception of enhancers and CpG-poor promoters that can be differentially methylated in a cell type-specific fashion. Intragenic regions can also be differentially methylated leading to specific cell-type transcripts. MBPs: methyl-binding proteins; TFs: transcription factors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of DNA methylation dynamics during myogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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