[Diabetic eye disease]
- PMID: 25817504
[Diabetic eye disease]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia leading to macro and microvascular complications. The eye is one of the main organs affected by this disease, being diabetic retinopathy the most well-known microvascular complication and the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. However, diabetic ocular disease is not only characterized by diabetic retinopathy. Other important ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus include cataract, glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies and recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. Here, we emphasize diabetic retinopathy as the most important and characteristic complication of diabetes mellitus, but also review less well-known complications with the aim to alert and sensitize non-ophthalmologist clinicians that treat diabetic individuals, in order to promote an early diagnosis and treatment of the sight-threatening complications of diabetes.
A diabetes mellitus é uma doença metabólica crónica caracterizada por uma hiperglicémia mantida, o que leva a complicações macro e microvasculares. O olho é um dos principais órgãos atingidos nesta patologia e a retinopatia diabética a mais conhecida complicação microvascular e a principal causa de cegueira em indivíduos em idade activa. Todavia, a doença ocular diabética não se caracteriza apenas pela retinopatia diabética. Outras manifestações oculares importantes da diabetes mellitus são a catarata, o glaucoma, a neuropatia óptica isquémica, as parésias óculo-motoras e as erosões queráticas. Neste artigo de revisão destacamos a retinopatia diabética como a mais importante e característica complicação da diabetes mellitus, mas também as complicações menos conhecidas, com o objectivo de alertar e sensibilizar médicos não-oftalmologistas que lidam com indivíduos diabéticos, de modo a promover o diagnóstico e tratamento atempados destas alterações visualmente debilitantes.
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