The epidemiology and economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea

Abstract

The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection and the associated burden have recently increased in many countries. While the main risk factors for C. difficile infection include old age and antibiotic use, the prevalence of this infection is increasing in low-risk groups. These trends highlight the need for research on C. difficile infection. This study pointed out the prevalence and economic burden of C. difficile infection and uses the representative national data which is primarily from the database of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, for 2008-2011. The annual economic cost was measured using a prevalence approach, which sums the costs incurred to treat C. difficile infection. C. difficile infection prevalence was estimated to have increased from 1.43 per 100,000 in 2008 to 5.06 per 100,000 in 2011. Moreover, mortality increased from 69 cases in 2008 to 172 in 2011. The economic cost increased concurrently, from $2.4 million in 2008 to $7.6 million, $10.5 million, and $15.8 million in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The increasing economic burden of C. difficile infection over the course of the study period emphasizes the need for intervention to minimize the burden of a preventable illness like C. difficile infection.

Figure 1

Four-year trend of Clostridium difficile infection according to subgroup. The number of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (a) and associated mortality (c) by age group. The number of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (b) and mortality (d) by gender.

Figure 2

Four-year trend of total costs of Clostridium difficile infection by age group (a) and gender (b).

Figure 3

Twelve-year trend of the number of deaths caused by Clostridium difficile infection.