Relationships among spousal communication, self-efficacy, and motivation among expectant Latino fathers who smoke

Abstract

Objective: Cigarette smoking is a prevalent problem among Latinos, yet little is known about what factors motivate them to quit smoking or make them feel more confident that they can. Given cultural emphases on familial bonds among Latinos (e.g., familismo), it is possible that communication processes among Latino spouses play an important role. The present study tested a mechanistic model in which perceived spousal constructive communication patterns predicted changes in level of motivation for smoking cessation through changes in self-efficacy among Latino expectant fathers.

Methods: Latino males (n = 173) and their pregnant partners participated in a couple-based intervention targeting males' smoking. Couples completed self-report measures of constructive communication, self-efficacy (male partners only), and motivation to quit (male partners only) at 4 time points throughout the intervention.

Results: Higher levels of perceived constructive communication among Latino male partners predicted subsequent increases in male partners' self-efficacy and, to a lesser degree, motivation to quit smoking; however, self-efficacy did not mediate associations between constructive communication and motivation to quit smoking. Furthermore, positive relationships with communication were only significant at measurements taken after completion of the intervention. Female partners' level of perceived constructive communication did not predict male partners' outcomes.

Conclusion: These results provide preliminary evidence to support the utility of couple-based interventions for Latino men who smoke. Findings also suggest that perceptions of communication processes among Latino partners (particularly male partners) may be an important target for interventions aimed at increasing desire and perceived ability to quit smoking among Latino men. (PsycINFO Database Record

Figure 1

Path diagram of the associations between constructive communication, self-efficacy, and motivation to quit smoking Note. CC = Constructive communication. SE = Self-efficacy. T1 = Baseline. T2 = End of pregnancy (28–35 weeks gestation). T3 = 3-months postpartum. T4 = 12-months after baseline. Intercorrelations between male and female partners’ communication scores (see Table 2) were specified at each time point of measurement within the path model, but are not shown in the figure. Standardized estimates are shown. ***p<.001 **p < .01 *p < .05.