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Review
. 2015 Spring;62(1):31-9.
doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-62.1.31.

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: a review of current clinical applications

Joseph A Giovannitti Jr  1 , Sean M Thoms, James J Crawford
Affiliations
Review

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: a review of current clinical applications

Joseph A Giovannitti Jr et al. Anesth Prog. 2015 Spring.

Abstract

The α-2 adrenergic receptor agonists have been used for decades to treat common medical conditions such as hypertension; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; various pain and panic disorders; symptoms of opioid, benzodiazepine, and alcohol withdrawal; and cigarette craving. (1) However, in more recent years, these drugs have been used as adjuncts for sedation and to reduce anesthetic requirements. This review will provide an historical perspective of this drug class, an understanding of pharmacological mechanisms, and an insight into current applications in clinical anesthesiology.

Keywords: Alpha-2 agonists; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; General anesthesia; Procedural sedation.

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Figures

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Synaptic influences of α-1 and α-2 receptors. Postjunctional α-1 receptors mediate effects on target tissues whereas prejunctional α-2 receptors inhibit neurotransmitter release and provide negative feedback.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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